{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T20:44:39Z","timestamp":1778964279025,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: the neoplastic B cells of the Helicobacter pylori-related low-grade gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma proliferate in response to H. pylori, however, the nature of the H. pylori antigen responsible for proliferation is still unknown. The purpose of the study was to dissect whether CagY might be the H. pylori antigen able to drive B cell proliferation. Methods: the B cells and the clonal progeny of T cells from the gastric mucosa of five patients with MALT lymphoma were compared with those of T cell clones obtained from five H. pylori\u2013infected patients with chronic gastritis. The T cell clones were assessed for their specificity to H. pylori CagY, cytokine profile and helper function for B cell proliferation. Results: 22 of 158 CD4+ (13.9%) gastric clones from MALT lymphoma and three of 179 CD4+ (1.7%) clones from chronic gastritis recognized CagY. CagY predominantly drives Interferon-gamma (IFN-\u03b3) and Interleukin-17 (IL-17) secretion by gastric CD4+ T cells from H. pylori-infected patients with low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma. All MALT lymphoma-derived clones dose dependently increased their B cell help, whereas clones from chronic gastritis lost helper activity at T-to-B-cell ratios greater than 1. Conclusion: the results obtained indicate that CagY drives both B cell proliferation and T cell activation in gastric MALT lymphomas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T08:42:32Z","timestamp":1630399352000},"page":"9459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["The Helicobacter pylori CagY Protein Drives Gastric Th1 and Th17 Inflammation and B Cell Proliferation in Gastric MALT Lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2565-6220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Della Bella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Felicia","family":"Soluri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences & IRCAD, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"},{"name":"Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Puccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Unit, IRCCS, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20090 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Benagiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Grassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacopo","family":"Bitetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6936-8693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Cianchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4309-242X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Sblattero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clelia","family":"Peano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, UoS Milan, National Research Council, 20090 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Human Technopole, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario Milco","family":"D\u2019Elios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)91816-6","article-title":"Unidentified curved bacilli in the stomach of patients with gastritis and peptic ulceration","volume":"323","author":"Marshall","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199110173251603","article-title":"Helicobacter pyloriInfection and the Risk of Gastric Carcinoma","volume":"325","author":"Parsonnet","year":"1991","journal-title":"N. 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