{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T23:20:22Z","timestamp":1789773622260,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Philadelphia chromosome negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are composed of polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocytosis (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). The clinical picture is determined by constitutional symptoms and complications, including arterial and venous thromboembolic or hemorrhagic events. MPNs are characterized by mutations in JAK2, MPL, or CALR, with additional mutations leading to an expansion of myeloid cell lineages and, in PMF, to marrow fibrosis and cytopenias. Chronic inflammation impacting the initiation and expansion of disease in a major way has been described. Neutrophilic granulocytes play a major role in the pathogenesis of thromboembolic events via the secretion of inflammatory markers, as well as via interaction with thrombocytes and the endothelium. In this review, we discuss the molecular biology underlying myeloproliferative neoplasms and point out the central role of leukocytosis and, specifically, neutrophilic granulocytes in this group of disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T13:09:25Z","timestamp":1630933765000},"page":"9555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Role of Neutrophilic Granulocytes in Philadelphia Chromosome Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Dominik","family":"Kiem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncologic Center, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"},{"name":"Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandro","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncologic Center, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"},{"name":"Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0618-6040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Magnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncologic Center, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"},{"name":"Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Egle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncologic Center, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"},{"name":"Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"},{"name":"Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4462-3694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Greil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncologic Center, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"},{"name":"Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"},{"name":"Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Melchardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncologic Center, Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"},{"name":"Cancer Cluster Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria"},{"name":"Salzburg Cancer Research Institute-Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), 5020 Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-03-643544","article-title":"The 2016 revision to the World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia","volume":"127","author":"Arber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbui, T., Thiele, J., Gisslinger, H., Kvasnicka, H.M., Vannucchi, A.M., Guglielmelli, P., Orazi, A., and Tefferi, A. 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