{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T11:36:52Z","timestamp":1779881812745,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]],"date-time":"2021-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Domp\u00e8 pharmaceuticals spa t","award":["N.0002028 to Paola Tirassa"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N.0002028 to Paola Tirassa"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Eye-drop recombinant human nerve growth factor (ed-rhNGF) has proved to recover the retina and optic nerve damage in animal models, including the unilateral optic nerve crush (ONC), and to improve visual acuity in humans. These data, associated with evidence that ed-rhNGF stimulates the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in retina and cortex, suggests that NGF might exert retino-fugal effects by affecting BDNF and its receptor TrkB. To address these questions, their expression and relationship with the GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission markers, GAD65 and GAD67, vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter (VGAT), and vesicular glutamate transporters 1 and 2 (VGLUT-1 and VGLUT-2) were investigated in adult ONC rats contralateral and ipsilateral visual cortex (VCx). Ed-rhNGF recovers the ONC-induced alteration of GABAergic and glutamatergic markers in contralateral VCx, induces an upregulation of TrkB, which is positively correlated with BDNF precursor (proBDNF) decrease in both VCx sides, and strongly enhances TrkB+ cell soma and neuronal endings surrounded by GAD65 immuno-reactive afferents. These findings contribute to enlarging the knowledge on the mechanism of actions and cellular targets of exogenously administrated NGF, and suggest that ed-rhNGF might act by potentiating the activity-dependent TrkB expression in GAD+ cells in VCx following retina damage and\/or ONC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221810014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]],"date-time":"2021-09-16T21:38:12Z","timestamp":1631828292000},"page":"10014","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["NGF Eye Administration Recovers the TrkB and Glutamate\/GABA Marker Deficit in the Adult Visual Cortex Following Optic Nerve Crush"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Pamela","family":"Rosso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Institute of Biochemistry & Cell Biology (IBBC), Unit of Translational & Biomolecular Medicine \u201cRita Levi-Montalcini\u201d, Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 33, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Fico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Institute of Biochemistry & Cell Biology (IBBC), Unit of Translational & Biomolecular Medicine \u201cRita Levi-Montalcini\u201d, Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 33, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise A.","family":"Mesentier-Louro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8290-7279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viviana","family":"Triaca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Institute of Biochemistry & Cell Biology (IBBC), Unit of Translational & Biomolecular Medicine \u201cRita Levi-Montalcini\u201d, Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 33, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8974-991X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Lambiase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sense Organs, University Sapienza of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Rama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Raffaele Hospital, Cornea and Ocular Surface Unit, Eye Repair Lab, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Tirassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, Institute of Biochemistry & Cell Biology (IBBC), Unit of Translational & Biomolecular Medicine \u201cRita Levi-Montalcini\u201d, Viale dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 33, 00185 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1078","article-title":"Neurotrophins and their receptors: A convergence point for many signalling pathways","volume":"4","author":"Chao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12661","article-title":"Ocular Nerve Growth Factor Administration Modulates Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor Signaling in Prefrontal Cortex of Healthy and Diabetic Rats","volume":"23","author":"Rosso","year":"2017","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci. Ther."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7571-6_2","article-title":"Ocular Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and NGF Eye Drop Application as Paradigms to Investigate NGF Neuroprotective and Reparative Actions","volume":"Volume 1727","author":"Tirassa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurotrophic Factors"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.2147\/CPT.S54526","article-title":"Nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and the chronobiology of mood: A new insight into the neurotrophic hypothesis","volume":"5","author":"Tirassa","year":"2015","journal-title":"ChronoPhysiology Ther."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.03.034","article-title":"Vagus nerve stimulation and Neurotrophins: A biological psychiatric perspective","volume":"113","author":"Rosso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erskine, L., and Herreral, E. (2015). Connecting the retina to the brain. ASN Neuro, 6.","DOI":"10.1177\/1759091414562107"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12854","article-title":"Ocular nerve growth factor administration counteracts the impairment of neural precursor cell viability and differentiation in the brain subventricular area of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes","volume":"41","author":"Tirassa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(91)90097-V","article-title":"Expression of NGF receptor and NGF receptor mRNA in the developing and adult rat retina","volume":"111","author":"Carmignoto","year":"1991","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.00224","article-title":"Differential effects of cortical neurotrophic factors on development of lateral geniculate nucleus and superior colliculus neurons: Anterograde and retrogate actions","volume":"130","author":"Wahle","year":"2003","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3800","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-0301","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of conjunctivally applied nerve growth factor in the retina and optic nerve of adult rats","volume":"46","author":"Lambiase","year":"2005","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lambiase, A., and Aloe, L. (1996). Nerve Growth Factor delays retinal degeneration in C3H mice. Graefe\u2019s Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol., 234.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02343055"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"2334","article-title":"Intraocular production and release of nerve growth factor after iridectomy","volume":"43","author":"Lambiase","year":"2002","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"284","article-title":"Effect of eye NGF administration on two animal models of retinal ganglion cells degeneration","volume":"47","author":"Colafrancesco","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Ist. Super. Sanita"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.18240\/ijo.2019.09.04","article-title":"Activation of autophagy in the retina after optic nerve crush injury in rats","volume":"12","author":"Kang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mesentier-Louro, L.A., De Nicol\u00f2, S., Rosso, P., De Vitis, L.A., Castoldi, V., Leocani, L., Mendez-Otero, R., Santiago, M.F., Tirassa, P., and Rama, P. (2017). Time-dependent nerve growth factor signaling changes in the rat retina during optic nerve crush-induced degeneration of retinal ganglion cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18010098"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1154-1","article-title":"Nerve Growth Factor Role on Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival and Axon Regrowth: Effects of Ocular Administration in Experimental Model of Optic Nerve Injury","volume":"56","author":"Rosso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1996.0076","article-title":"Loss and subsequent recovery of local cerebral glucose use in visual targets after controlled optic nerve crush in adult rats","volume":"139","author":"Schmitt","year":"1996","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-0950","article-title":"Functional and structural analysis of the visual system in the rhesus monkey model of optic nerve head ischemia","volume":"45","author":"Brooks","year":"2004","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2326637","article-title":"Reorganization of retinotopic cortical maps in adult mammals after lesions of the retina","volume":"248","author":"Kaas","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1038\/356150a0","article-title":"Receptive field dynamics in adult primary visual cortex","volume":"356","author":"Gilbert","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00587.x","article-title":"Plasticity in adult cat visual cortex (area 17) following circumscribed monocular lesions of all retinal layers","volume":"524","author":"Calford","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00229845","article-title":"Recovery of visual responses in foveal V1 neurons following bilateral foveal lesions in adult monkey","volume":"83","author":"Heinen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(92)90021-A","article-title":"Rapid reorganization of cortical maps in adult cats following restricted deafferentation in retina","volume":"32","author":"Chino","year":"1992","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"You, Y., Gupta, V.K., Graham, S.L., and Klistorner, A. (2012). Anterograde Degeneration along the Visual Pathway after Optic Nerve Injury. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052061"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr256","article-title":"Altered neuronal activity patterns in the visual cortex of the adult rat after partial optic nerve crush-a single-cell resolution metabolic mapping study","volume":"22","author":"MacHaradze","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp069","article-title":"Analysis of c-fos and zif268 expression reveals time-dependent changes in activity inside and outside the lesion projection zone in adult cat area 17 after retinal lesions","volume":"19","author":"Hu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4222","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0953-816X.2000.01328.x","article-title":"Cooperative changes in GABA, glutamate and activity levels: The missing link in cortical plasticity","volume":"12","author":"Arckens","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"439","article-title":"Nerve growth factor eye drops improve visual acuity and electrofunctional activity in Age-related macular degeneration: A case report","volume":"45","author":"Lambiase","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Ist. Super. Sanita"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2010.0139","article-title":"Time-dependent activation of c-fos in limbic brain areas by ocular administration of nerve growth factor in adult rats","volume":"27","author":"Calza","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-020-03253-2","article-title":"The physiology of regulated BDNF release","volume":"382","author":"Brigadski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"1669","article-title":"Co-expression of VGLUT1 and VGAT sustains glutamate and GABA co-release and is regulated by activity in cortical neurons","volume":"128","author":"Fattorini","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(00)01724-0","article-title":"Generating diversity at GABAergic synapses","volume":"24","author":"Cherubini","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/528940","article-title":"Abnormalities in Glutamate Metabolism and Excitotoxicity in the Retinal Diseases","volume":"2013","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scientifica"},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Connaughton, V. (2007). Glutamate and Glutamate Receptors in the Vertebrate Retina. Webvision: The Organization of the Retina and Visual System [Internet], University of Utah Health Sciences Center."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bringmann, A., Grosche, A., Pannicke, T., and Reichenbach, A. (2013). GABA and Glutamate Uptake and Metabolism in Retinal Glial (M\u00fcller) Cells. Front. Endocrinol., 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2013.00048"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-2200-z","article-title":"Ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptor structure and pharmacology","volume":"179","author":"Kew","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-014-1180-8","article-title":"Glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the healthy brain","volume":"121","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BS, M. (2000). Glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the brain: Review of physiology and pathology. J. Nutr., 130.","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.4.1007S"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nys, J., Scheyltjens, I., and Arckens, L. (2015). Visual system plasticity in mammals: The story of monocular enucleation-induced vision loss. Front. Syst. Neurosci., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2015.00060"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2018.05.005","article-title":"Neurosteroid allopregnanolone reduces ipsilateral visual cortex potentiation following unilateral optic nerve injury HHS Public Access","volume":"306","author":"Sergeeva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.03.044","article-title":"Modulatory effects of the novel TrkB receptor agonist 7,8-dihydroxyflavone on synaptic transmission and intrinsic neuronal excitability in mouse visual cortex in vitro","volume":"709","author":"Marongiu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81509-3","article-title":"BDNF regulates the maturation of inhibition and the critical period of plasticity in mouse visual cortex","volume":"98","author":"Huang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"283","article-title":"Clinical applications of NGF in ocular diseases","volume":"149","author":"Lambiase","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch. Ital. Biol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10848","article-title":"Changes of immunocytochemical localization of vesicular glutamate transporters in the rat visual system after the retinofugal denervation","volume":"465","author":"Fujiyama","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10085","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5271-12.2013","article-title":"Systems\/Circuits Retinal Input Regulates the Timing of Corticogeniculate Innervation","volume":"33","author":"Seabrook","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2017.00229","article-title":"Few, activity-dependent, and ubiquitous VGLUT1\/VGAT terminals in rat and mouse brain","volume":"11","author":"Fattorini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6434","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-16-06434.2003","article-title":"Topographic Plasticity in Primary Visual Cortex Is Mediated by Local Corticocortical Connections","volume":"23","author":"Calford","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1038\/375780a0","article-title":"Long-range horizontal connections and their role in cortical reorganization revealed by optical recording of cat primary visual cortex","volume":"375","author":"Das","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8743","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0900068106","article-title":"Strengthening of lateral activation in adult rat visual cortex after retinal lesions captured with voltage-sensitive dye imaging in vivo","volume":"106","author":"Palagina","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2181","article-title":"Massive restructuring of neuronal circuits during functional reorganization of adult visual cortex","volume":"11","author":"Keck","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chamoun, M., Sergeeva, E.G., Henrich-Noack, P., Jia, S., Grigartzik, L., Ma, J., You, Q., Hupp\u00e9-Gourgues, F., Sabel, B.A., and Vaucher, E. (2017). Cholinergic Potentiation of Restoration of Visual Function after Optic Nerve Damage in Rats. Neural Plast., 2017.","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6928489"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2001.81.4.1393","article-title":"Architecture of the optic chiasm and the mechanisms that sculpt its development","volume":"81","author":"Jeffery","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"377","article-title":"Nogo: A Molecular Determinant of Axonal Growth and Regeneration","volume":"7","author":"Strittmatter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2581","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21717","article-title":"The growth-inhibitory protein Nogo is involved in midline routing of axons in the mouse optic chiasm","volume":"86","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23379","article-title":"Neuronal Nogo-A in New-born Retinal Ganglion Cells: Implication for the Formation of the Age-related Fiber Order in the Optic Tract","volume":"299","author":"Su","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2004.03087.x","article-title":"Rearrangement of the retino-collicular projection after partial optic nerve crush in the adult rat","volume":"19","author":"Kreutz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2015.00023","article-title":"Distribution of vesicular glutamate transporters in the human brain","volume":"9","author":"Vigneault","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Neuroanat."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20505","article-title":"VGluT2 immunochemistry identifies thalamocortical terminals in layer 4 of adult and developing visual cortex","volume":"484","author":"Nahmani","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-03-01834.1994","article-title":"Comparative Localization of Two Forms of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase and Their mRNAs in Rat Brain Supports the Concept of Functional Differences between the Forms","volume":"14","author":"Esclapez","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.1075","article-title":"TrkB-Like Immunoreactivity Is Present on Geniculocortical Afferents in Layer IV of Kitten Primary Visual Cortex NIH Public Access","volume":"436","author":"Silver","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(03)00168-1","article-title":"Molecular basis of plasticity in the visual cortex","volume":"26","author":"Berardi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5393.1504","article-title":"Local GABA Circuit Control of Experience-Dependent Plasticity in Developing Visual Cortex","volume":"282","author":"Hensch","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhq150","article-title":"CREB-dependent regulation of gad65 transcription by BDNF\/Tr\u03baB in cortical interneurons","volume":"21","author":"Rico","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5271","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-13-05271.2002","article-title":"Absence of long-term depression in the visual cortex of glutamic Acid decarboxylase-65 knock-out mice","volume":"22","author":"Choi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3375","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-10-03375.2001","article-title":"Nerve growth factor rapidly induces prolonged acetylcholine release from cultured basal forebrain neurons: Differentiation between neuromodulatory and neurotrophic influences","volume":"21","author":"Auld","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00220","article-title":"Nerve growth factor is primarily produced by GABAergic neurons of the adult rat cortex","volume":"8","author":"Biane","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/22\/18\/10014\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:00:50Z","timestamp":1760166050000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/22\/18\/10014"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms221810014"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms221810014","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]]}}}