{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:20:55Z","timestamp":1760235655358,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]],"date-time":"2021-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RTI2018-093901-B-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-093901-B-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>PolyPurine Reverse Hoogsteen Hairpins (PPRHs) are gene-silencing DNA-oligonucleotides developed in our laboratory that are formed by two antiparallel polypurine mirror repeat domains bound intramolecularly by Hoogsteen bonds. The aim of this work was to explore the feasibility of using viral vectors to deliver PPRHs as a gene therapy tool. After treatment with synthetic RNA, plasmid transfection, or viral infection targeting the survivin gene, viability was determined by the MTT assay, mRNA was determined by RT-qPCR, and protein levels were determined by Western blot. We showed that the RNA-PPRH induced a decrease in cell viability in a dose-dependent manner and an increase in apoptosis in PC-3 and HeLa cells. Both synthetic RNA-PPRH and RNA-PPRH intracellularly generated upon the transfection of a plasmid vector were able to reduce survivin mRNA and protein levels in PC-3 cells. An adenovirus type-5 vector encoding the PPRH against survivin was also able to decrease survivin mRNA and protein levels, leading to a reduction in HeLa cell viability. In this work, we demonstrated that PPRHs can also work as RNA species, either chemically synthesized, transcribed from a plasmid construct, or transcribed from viral vectors. Therefore, all these results are the proof of principle that viral vectors could be considered as a delivery system for PPRHs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221810025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]],"date-time":"2021-09-16T21:38:12Z","timestamp":1631828292000},"page":"10025","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["PolyPurine Reverse Hoogsteen Hairpins Work as RNA Species for Gene Silencing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3691-9724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Aubets","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, IN2UB, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Chillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICREA, Institute of Neurosciences at UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"},{"name":"Vall d\u2019Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7855-392X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos J.","family":"Ciudad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, IN2UB, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7937-8038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"No\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute, IN2UB, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3217","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2015.424","article-title":"Nucleic acid targeting: Towards personalized therapy for head and neck cancer","volume":"35","author":"Parsel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3888","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa229","article-title":"From traditional pharmacological towards nucleic acid-based therapies for cardiovascular diseases","volume":"41","author":"Landmesser","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. 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