{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:26:45Z","timestamp":1790778405473,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":268,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,18]],"date-time":"2021-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is produced by the pituitary gland in a coordinated hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013gonadal (HPG) axis event, plays important roles in reproduction and germ cell development during different phases of reproductive development (fetal, neonatal, puberty, and adult life), and is consequently essential for fertility. FSH is a heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone of two dissociable subunits, \u03b1 and \u03b2. The FSH \u03b2-subunit (FSH\u03b2) function starts upon coupling to its specific receptor: follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR). FSHRs are localized mainly on the surface of target cells on the testis and ovary (granulosa and Sertoli cells) and have recently been found in testicular stem cells and extra-gonadal tissue. Several reproduction disorders are associated with absent or low FSH secretion, with mutation of the FSH \u03b2-subunit or the FSH receptor, and\/or its signaling pathways. However, the influence of FSH on germ cells is still poorly understood; some studies have suggested that this hormone also plays a determinant role in the self-renewal of germinative cells and acts to increase undifferentiated spermatogonia proliferation. In addition, in vitro, together with other factors, it assists the process of differentiation of primordial germ cells (PGCLCs) into gametes (oocyte-like and SSCLCs). In this review, we describe relevant research on the influence of FSH on spermatogenesis and folliculogenesis, mainly in the germ cell of humans and other species. The possible roles of FSH in germ cell generation in vitro are also presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221810110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T08:04:23Z","timestamp":1632211463000},"page":"10110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Actions and Roles of FSH in Germinative Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4697-4201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaiana","family":"Recchia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01001-010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7590-3883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda Soares","family":"Jorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3780-6046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"La\u00eds Vicari de Figueiredo","family":"Pess\u00f4a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2796-6062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramon Cesar","family":"Botigelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa Cristiane","family":"Zugaib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5702-1166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aline Fernanda","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Biomedical Science, Ontary Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6277-4664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele dos Santos","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8224-5022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Eduardo","family":"Ambr\u00f3sio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9862-5874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiana Fernandes","family":"Bressan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01001-010, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6800-6025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naira Caroline Godoy","family":"Pieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00763","article-title":"Role of follicle-stimulating hormone in spermatogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Oduwole","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. 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