{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T15:27:35Z","timestamp":1785338855686,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,18]],"date-time":"2021-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["804474"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["804474"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["310030_189102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["310030_189102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic used against multi-drug resistant gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Although invaluable against resistant bacteria, vancomycin harbors adverse drug reactions including cytopenia, ototoxicity, as well as nephrotoxicity. Since nephrotoxicity is a rarely occurring side effect, its mechanism is incompletely understood. Only recently, the actual clinically relevant concentration the in kidneys of patients receiving vancomycin was investigated and were found to exceed plasma concentrations by far. We applied these clinically relevant vancomycin concentrations to murine and canine renal epithelial cell lines and assessed metabolic and lipidomic alterations by untargeted and targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. Despite marked differences in the lipidome, both cell lines increased anabolic glucose reactions, resulting in higher sorbitol and lactate levels. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first endometabolic profiling of kidney cells exposed to clinically relevant vancomycin concentrations. The presented study will provide a valuable dataset to nephrotoxicity researchers and might add to unveiling the nephrotoxic mechanism of vancomycin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221810111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T08:04:23Z","timestamp":1632211463000},"page":"10111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Metabolic and Lipidomic Assessment of Kidney Cells Exposed to Nephrotoxic Vancomycin Dosages"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5245-1781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Lagies","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Integrative Signalling Analysis, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2602-998X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roman","family":"Pichler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center\u2013University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Berta-Ottenstein-Programme for Clinician Scientists, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0056-8803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georg","family":"Vladimirov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Integrative Signalling Analysis, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Gawron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Integrative Signalling Analysis, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5826-3140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"B\u00e4zner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Integrative Signalling Analysis, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annabell","family":"Schreiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Integrative Signalling Analysis, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dajana","family":"Kadena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Integrative Signalling Analysis, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3567-2117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dietmar A.","family":"Plattner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2963-6865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soeren S.","family":"Lienkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Medical Center\u2013University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Kammerer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Integrative Signalling Analysis, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01590309","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Hemodialysis: What a Nephrologist Should Know: Table 1","volume":"4","author":"Vandecasteele","year":"2009","journal-title":"CJASN"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01088-08","article-title":"Vancomycin Ototoxicity: A Reevaluation in an Era of Increasing Doses","volume":"53","author":"Forouzesh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob. 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