{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T20:30:39Z","timestamp":1789417839014,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,19]],"date-time":"2021-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells and tissues and the ability of a biological system to detoxify them. During a normal pregnancy, oxidative stress increases the normal systemic inflammatory response and is usually well-controlled by the balanced body mechanism of the detoxification of anti-oxidative products. However, pregnancy is also a condition in which this adaptation and balance can be easily disrupted. Excessive ROS is detrimental and associated with many pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia (PE), fetal growth restriction (FGR), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and preterm birth (PTB), by damaging placentation. The placenta is a tissue rich in mitochondria that produces the majority of ROS, so it is important to maintain normal placental function and properly develop its vascular network to ensure a safe and healthy pregnancy. Antioxidants may ameliorate these diseases, and related research is progressing. This review aimed to determine the association between oxidative stress and adverse pregnancy outcomes, especially PE, FGR, GDM, and PTB, and explore how to overcome this oxidative stress in these unfavorable conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221810122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T08:04:23Z","timestamp":1632211463000},"page":"10122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":200,"title":["Effect of Endogenic and Exogenic Oxidative Stress Triggers on Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Preeclampsia, Fetal Growth Restriction, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Preterm Birth"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3224-8927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun Hui","family":"Joo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8431-7563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young Ran","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5297-6385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nari","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1447-0065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Eun","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1067-9585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seon Ha","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7064-5056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hee Young","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul 06135, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steller, J.G., Alberts, J.R., and Ronca, A.E. 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