{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T02:03:21Z","timestamp":1790129001949,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002661","name":"Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T.0052.18 REGEOS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T.0052.18 REGEOS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002661","name":"Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["30565447 (U-HEAD)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30565447 (U-HEAD)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Asthma is now recognized as a heterogeneous disease, encompassing different phenotypes driven by distinct pathophysiological mechanisms called endotypes. Common phenotypes of asthma, referred to as eosinophilic asthma, are characterized by the presence of eosinophilia. Eosinophils are usually considered invariant, terminally differentiated effector cells and have become a primary therapeutic target in severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) and other eosinophil-associated diseases (EADs). Biological treatments that target eosinophils reveal an unexpectedly complex role of eosinophils in asthma, including in SEA, suggesting that \u201cnot all eosinophils are equal\u201d. In this review, we address our current understanding of the role of eosinophils in asthma with regard to asthma phenotypes and endotypes. We further address the possibility that different SEA phenotypes may involve differences in eosinophil biology. We discuss how these differences could arise through eosinophil \u201cendotyping\u201d, viz. adaptations of eosinophil function imprinted during their development, or through tissue-induced plasticity, viz. local adaptations of eosinophil function through interaction with their lung tissue niches. In doing so, we also discuss opportunities, technical challenges, and open questions that, if addressed, might provide considerable benefits in guiding the choice of the most efficient precision therapies of SEA and, by extension, other EADs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221810150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]],"date-time":"2021-09-21T08:04:23Z","timestamp":1632211463000},"page":"10150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Eosinophils as Drivers of Severe Eosinophilic Asthma: Endotypes or Plasticity?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3431-9127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glenn","family":"Van Hulst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, B34, GIGA Institute and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Li\u00e8ge University, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6264-4029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrice","family":"Bureau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, B34, GIGA Institute and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Li\u00e8ge University, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"},{"name":"Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (Welbio), 1300 Wavres, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5723-2449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe J.","family":"Desmet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, B34, GIGA Institute and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Li\u00e8ge University, 4000 Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(17)30293-X","article-title":"Global, regional, and national deaths, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years, and years lived with disability for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, 1990\u20132015: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015","volume":"5","author":"Soriano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. 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