{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:17:57Z","timestamp":1787235477479,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]],"date-time":"2021-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007801","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n S\u00e9neca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19881\/GERM\/15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19881\/GERM\/15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities","award":["RED2018-102499-T"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RED2018-102499-T"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2019-106498GB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-106498GB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: In adult rats we study the short- and long-term effects of focal blue light-emitting diode (LED)-induced phototoxicity (LIP) on retinal thickness and Iba-1+ activation. Methods: The left eyes of previously dark-adapted Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were photoexposed to a blue LED (20 s, 200 lux). In vivo longitudinal monitoring of retinal thickness, fundus images, and optical retinal sections was performed from 1 to 30 days (d) after LIP with SD-OCT. Ex vivo, we analysed the population of S-cone and Iba-1+ cells within a predetermined fixed-size circular area (PCA) centred on the lesion. Results: LIP resulted in a circular focal lesion readily identifiable in vivo by fundus examination, which showed within the PCAs a progressive thinning of the outer retinal layer, and a diminution of the S-cone population to 19% by 30 d. In parallel to S-cone loss, activated Iba-1+ cells delineated the lesioned area and acquired an ameboid morphology with peak expression at 3 d after LIP. Iba-1+ cells adopted a more relaxed-branched morphology at 7 d and by 14\u201330 d their morphology was fully branched. Conclusion: LIP caused a progressive reduction of the outer retina with loss of S cones and a parallel dynamic activation of microglial cells in the lesioned area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22189742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]],"date-time":"2021-09-09T12:20:37Z","timestamp":1631190037000},"page":"9742","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Short- and Long-Term Study of the Impact of Focal Blue Light-Emitting Diode-Induced Phototoxicity in Adult Albino Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4582-2297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan A.","family":"Miralles de Imperial-Ollero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Oftalmolog\u00eda, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria (IMIB) Virgen de la Arrixaca, Campus de CC de la Salud, 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6770-7463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Gallego-Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Oftalmolog\u00eda, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria (IMIB) Virgen de la Arrixaca, Campus de CC de la Salud, 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1236-7702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Norte-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Oftalmolog\u00eda, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria (IMIB) Virgen de la Arrixaca, Campus de CC de la Salud, 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9124-9247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johnny","family":"Di Pierdomenico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Oftalmolog\u00eda, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria (IMIB) Virgen de la Arrixaca, Campus de CC de la Salud, 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Bernal-Garro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Oftalmolog\u00eda, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria (IMIB) Virgen de la Arrixaca, Campus de CC de la Salud, 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1837-6589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Valiente-Soriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Oftalmolog\u00eda, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria (IMIB) Virgen de la Arrixaca, Campus de CC de la Salud, 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9216-1615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Vidal-Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Oftalmolog\u00eda, Universidad de Murcia e Instituto Murciano de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria (IMIB) Virgen de la Arrixaca, Campus de CC de la Salud, 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2010.92","article-title":"The prevalence of age-related macular degeneration and associated risk factors","volume":"128","author":"Klein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. 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