{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T15:48:43Z","timestamp":1789660123133,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]],"date-time":"2021-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19-15-00217"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-15-00217"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is the most important tool for the manipulation of mRNA expression and needs protection from intracellular nucleases when delivered into the cell. In this work, we examined the effects of siRNA modification with the phosphoryl guanidine (PG) group, which, as shown earlier, makes oligodeoxynucleotides resistant to snake venom phosphodiesterase. We obtained a set of siRNAs containing combined modifications PG\/2\u2032-O-methyl (2\u2032-OMe) or PG\/2\u2032-fluoro (2\u2032-F); biophysical and biochemical properties were characterized for each duplex. We used the UV-melting approach to estimate the thermostability of the duplexes and RNAse A degradation assays to determine their stability. The ability to induce silencing was tested in cultured cells stably expressing green fluorescent protein. The introduction of the PG group as a rule decreased the thermodynamic stability of siRNA. At the same time, the siRNAs carrying PG groups showed increased resistance to RNase A. A gene silencing experiment indicated that the PG-modified siRNA retained its activity if the modifications were introduced into the passenger strand.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22189784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]],"date-time":"2021-09-10T10:31:34Z","timestamp":1631269894000},"page":"9784","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["An Influence of Modification with Phosphoryl Guanidine Combined with a 2\u2032-O-Methyl or 2\u2032-Fluoro Group on the Small-Interfering-RNA Effect"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Anna S.","family":"Pavlova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine (ICBFM), Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina I.","family":"Yakovleva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine (ICBFM), Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna V.","family":"Epanchitseva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine (ICBFM), Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2300-7809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maxim S.","family":"Kupryushkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine (ICBFM), Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7559-2376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inna A.","family":"Pyshnaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine (ICBFM), Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2587-3719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitrii V.","family":"Pyshnyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine (ICBFM), Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4714-1524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena I.","family":"Ryabchikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine (ICBFM), Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6890-4538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilya S.","family":"Dovydenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine (ICBFM), Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.01.035","article-title":"Origins and Mechanisms of miRNAs and siRNAs","volume":"136","author":"Carthew","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2005.03.006","article-title":"RNA silencing and genome regulation","volume":"15","author":"Almeida","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.06.017","article-title":"Single Processing Center Models for Human Dicer and Bacterial Rnase III","volume":"118","author":"Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1038\/35078107","article-title":"Duplexes of 21-nucleotide RNAs mediate RNA interference in cultured mammalian cells","volume":"411","author":"Elbashir","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1038\/35888","article-title":"Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"391","author":"Fire","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp068242","article-title":"Exploring the uses of RNAi\u2013Gene Knockdown and the Nobel Prize","volume":"355","author":"Bernards","year":"2006","journal-title":"N. 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