{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T19:22:35Z","timestamp":1782933755858,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP20K08289"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP20K08289"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP18K15815"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18K15815"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Among lifestyle-related diseases, fatty liver is the most common liver disease. To date, mammalian models have been used to develop methods for inhibiting fatty liver progression; however, new, more efficient models are expected. This study investigated the creation of a new model to produce fatty liver more efficiently than the high-fat diet medaka model that has been used to date. We compared the GAN (Gubra-Amylin nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) diet, which has been used in recent years to induce fatty liver in mice, and the high-fat diet (HFD). Following administration of the diets for three months, enlarged livers and pronounced fat accumulation was noted. The GAN group had large fat vacuoles and lesions, including ballooning, compared to the HFD group. The GAN group had a higher incidence of lesions. When fenofibrate was administered to the fatty liver model created via GAN administration and liver steatosis was assessed, a reduction in liver fat deposition was observed, and this model was shown to be useful in drug evaluations involving fatty liver. The medaka fatty liver model administered with GAN will be useful in future fatty liver research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22189931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]],"date-time":"2021-09-14T21:47:21Z","timestamp":1631656041000},"page":"9931","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Establishment of an Adult Medaka Fatty Liver Model by Administration of a Gubra-Amylin-Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Diet Containing High Levels of Palmitic Acid and Fructose"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2840-8660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koichi","family":"Fujisawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Liver Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6689-4989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taro","family":"Takami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoki","family":"Okubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuto","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusaku","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshihiko","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan"},{"name":"Health Administration Center, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isao","family":"Sakaida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Minami Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.25122\/jml-2017-0019","article-title":"Non-invasive imaging techniques in assessing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A current status of available methods","volume":"10","author":"Lapadat","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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