{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T03:42:11Z","timestamp":1783741331021,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]],"date-time":"2021-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"2i3T University of Turin","award":["No. 071215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 071215"]}]},{"name":"Fondi di Beneficenza Intesa San Paolo","award":["No. 375\u20132019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 375\u20132019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising therapeutic tools in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. We have recently shown that EVs from patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) undergoing sham pre-conditioning, before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were cardio-protective, while EVs from patients experiencing remote ischemic pre-conditioning (RIPC) failed to induce protection against ischemia\/reperfusion Injury (IRI). No data on EVs from ACS patients recovered after PCI are currently available. Therefore, we herein investigated the cardio-protective properties of EVs, collected after PCI from the same patients. EVs recovered from 30 patients randomly assigned (1:1) to RIPC (EV-RIPC) or sham procedures (EV-naive) (NCT02195726) were characterized by TEM, FACS and Western blot analysis and evaluated for their mRNA content. The impact of EVs on hypoxia\/reoxygenation damage and IRI, as well as the cardio-protective signaling pathways, were investigated in vitro (HMEC-1 + H9c2 co-culture) and ex vivo (isolated rat heart). Both EV-naive and EV-RIPC failed to drive cardio-protection both in vitro and ex vivo. Consistently, EV treatment failed to activate the canonical cardio-protective pathways. Specifically, PCI reduced the EV-naive Dusp6 mRNA content, found to be crucial for their cardio-protective action, and upregulated some stress- and cell-cycle-related genes in EV-RIPC. We provide the first evidence that in ACS patients, PCI reprograms the EV cargo, impairing EV-naive cardio-protective properties without improving EV-RIPC functional capability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221910270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]],"date-time":"2021-09-24T20:15:32Z","timestamp":1632514532000},"page":"10270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) Reprograms Circulating Extracellular Vesicles from ACS Patients Impairing Their Cardio-Protective Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4644-0784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saveria","family":"Femmin\u00f2","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"D\u2019Ascenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4452-2591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Ravera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Comit\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10143 Orbassano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4711-0891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo","family":"Angelini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0201-7100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Caccioppo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6221-482X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Franchin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7670-933X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Grosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Thairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10143 Orbassano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilio","family":"Venturelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Cavallari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2i3T Scarl, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Penna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10143 Orbassano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaetano Maria","family":"De Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2795-232X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Camussi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4386-1383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pasquale","family":"Pagliaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10143 Orbassano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0944-6992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Felice","family":"Brizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJY19M01_01","article-title":"2018 ESC\/EACTS Guidelines on myocardial 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