{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T13:54:00Z","timestamp":1792590840489,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":204,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2018R1A2B6002251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2018R1A2B6002251"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The ocular surface is a gateway that contacts the outside and receives stimulation from the outside. The corneal innate immune system is composed of many types of cells, including epithelial cells, fibroblasts, natural killer cells, macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, mucin, and lysozyme. Neutrophil infiltration and degranulation occur on the ocular surface. Degranulation, neutrophil extracellular traps formation, called NETosis, and autophagy in neutrophils are involved in the pathogenesis of ocular surface diseases. It is necessary to understand the role of neutrophils on the ocular surface. Furthermore, there is a need for research on therapeutic agents targeting neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular trap formation for ocular surface diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221910386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T04:55:33Z","timestamp":1632718533000},"page":"10386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Role of Neutrophils on the Ocular Surface"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0123-0361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongseok","family":"Mun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07442, Korea"},{"name":"Hallym BioEyeTech Research Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07442, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin Sun","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07442, Korea"},{"name":"Hallym BioEyeTech Research Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07442, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4307-7000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young Joo","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Medical Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07442, Korea"},{"name":"Hallym BioEyeTech Research Center, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07442, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-016-0339-2","article-title":"A comprehensive insight on ocular pharmacokinetics","volume":"6","author":"Agrahari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Deliv. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_646_17","article-title":"Anatomy of cornea and ocular surface","volume":"66","author":"Sridhar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2013.07.027","article-title":"Tear film mucins: Front line defenders of the ocular surface; comparison with airway and gastrointestinal tract mucins","volume":"117","author":"Hodges","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2021.02.007","article-title":"The ocular surface immune system through the eyes of aging","volume":"20","author":"Galletti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a016303","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a016303","article-title":"The chemokine system in innate immunity","volume":"7","author":"Sokol","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20122220","article-title":"Diverse novel functions of neutrophils in immunity, inflammation, and beyond","volume":"210","author":"Mocsai","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-017-1141-8","article-title":"Immune modulation of some Autoimmune Dis.eases: The critical role of macrophages and neutrophils in the innate and adaptive immunity","volume":"15","author":"Navegantes","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2532314","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2532314","article-title":"Innate and Adaptive Cell Populations Driving Inflammation in Dry Eye Disease","volume":"2018","author":"Reyes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00373","article-title":"Neutrophils to the ROScue: Mechanisms of NADPH Oxidase Activation and Bacterial Resistance","volume":"7","author":"Nguyen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"651497","article-title":"NETosis","volume":"2013","author":"Mesa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autoimmune Dis."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1701019","article-title":"Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells: Immune-Suppressive Cells That Impair Antitumor Immunity and Are Sculpted by Their Environment","volume":"200","author":"Fenselau","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2014.07.070","article-title":"The mechanism of phagocytosis: Two stages of engulfment","volume":"107","author":"Richards","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00159","article-title":"Influence of Microbes on Neutrophil Life and Death","volume":"7","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eichelberger, K.R., and Goldman, W.E. (2020). Manipulating neutrophil degranulation as a bacterial virulence strategy. PLoS Pathog., 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009054"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2008.080081","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase-8 facilitates neutrophil migration through the corneal stromal matrix by collagen degradation and production of the chemotactic peptide Pro-Gly-Pro","volume":"173","author":"Lin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0605353","article-title":"Regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in TNF-stimulated neutrophils: Novel pathways for tertiary granule release","volume":"79","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201203170","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps: Is immunity the second function of chromatin?","volume":"198","author":"Brinkmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092385","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria","volume":"303","author":"Brinkmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1201719","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps: Double-edged swords of innate immunity","volume":"189","author":"Kaplan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"81","article-title":"Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Its Implications in Inflammation: An Overview","volume":"8","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2014.42136","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps in physiology and pathology","volume":"39","author":"Manda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cent. Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keshari, R.S., Jyoti, A., Dubey, M., Kothari, N., Kohli, M., Bogra, J., Barthwal, M.K., and Dikshit, M. (2012). Cytokines induced neutrophil extracellular traps formation: Implication for the inflammatory disease condition. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048111"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoppenbrouwers, T., Autar, A.S.A., Sultan, A.R., Abraham, T.E., van Cappellen, W.A., Houtsmuller, A.B., van Wamel, W.J.B., van Beusekom, H.M.M., van Neck, J.W., and de Maat, M.P.M. (2017). In vitro induction of NETosis: Comprehensive live imaging comparison and systematic review. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176472"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00226","article-title":"Entamoeba histolytica Induce Signaling via Raf\/MEK\/ERK for Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) Formation","volume":"8","author":"Fonseca","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2011.04518.x","article-title":"Hypochlorous acid regulates neutrophil extracellular trap release in humans","volume":"167","author":"Palmer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00360","article-title":"Activation of PAD4 in NET formation","volume":"3","author":"Rohrbach","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"1178","article-title":"NETosis: Molecular Mechanisms, Role in Physiology and Pathology","volume":"85","author":"Vorobjeva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klopf, J., Brostjan, C., Eilenberg, W., and Neumayer, C. (2021). Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Their Implications in Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020559"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.04-3500fje","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 4 mediates mitochondrial DNA damage and biogenic responses after heat-inactivated E. coli","volume":"19","author":"Suliman","year":"2005","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"vi1","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez387","article-title":"The innate immune perspective of autoimmune and autoinflammatory conditions","volume":"58","author":"Frizinsky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.107602","article-title":"Histones, DNA, and Citrullination Promote Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Inflammation by Regulating the Localization and Activation of TLR4","volume":"31","author":"Tsourouktsoglou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fatemi, A., Alipour, R., Khanahmad, H., Alsahebfosul, F., Andalib, A., and Pourazar, A. (2021). The impact of neutrophil extracellular trap from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus on the viability, CD11b expression and oxidative burst of healthy neutrophils. BMC Immunol., 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-021-00402-2"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3190","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39296","article-title":"Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Mitochondrial DNA and Its Autoantibody in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and a Proof-of-Concept Trial of Metformin","volume":"67","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41062","article-title":"A Neutrophil Activation Biomarker Panel in Prognosis and Monitoring of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"72","author":"Bach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3950","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1701643","article-title":"REDD1\/Autophagy Pathway Is Associated with Neutrophil-Driven IL-1beta Inflammatory Response in Active Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"200","author":"Angelidou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.7555\/JBR.33.20190075","article-title":"Contribution of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178ra140","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3005580","article-title":"NETs are a source of citrullinated autoantigens and stimulate inflammatory responses in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"5","author":"Khandpur","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40066","article-title":"Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies Are Associated With Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Sputum in Relatives of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients","volume":"69","author":"Demoruelle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3364","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1700778","article-title":"Netting Neutrophils Activate Autoreactive B Cells in Lupus","volume":"200","author":"Gestermann","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-19-0018","article-title":"Endogenous PAD4 in Breast Cancer Cells Mediates Cancer Extracellular Chromatin Network Formation and Promotes Lung Metastasis","volume":"18","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e124729","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.124729","article-title":"Peptidylarginine deiminases 2 and 4 modulate innate and adaptive immune responses in TLR-7-dependent lupus","volume":"3","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00307","article-title":"PAD4 mediated histone hypercitrullination induces heterochromatin decondensation and chromatin unfolding to form neutrophil extracellular trap-like structures","volume":"3","author":"Leshner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20100239","article-title":"PAD4 is essential for antibacterial innate immunity mediated by neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"207","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209ra150","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3006869","article-title":"Immune-mediated pore-forming pathways induce cellular hypercitrullination and generate citrullinated autoantigens in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"5","author":"Romero","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e138873","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.138873","article-title":"Peptidylarginine deiminase 2 has potential as both a biomarker and therapeutic target of sepsis","volume":"5","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-19-1020","article-title":"A Novel Peptidylarginine Deiminase 4 (PAD4) Inhibitor BMS-P5 Blocks Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Delays Progression of Multiple Myeloma","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2019-0433OC","article-title":"PAD4 Deficiency Improves Bleomycin-induced Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Fibrosis in Mouse Lung","volume":"63","author":"Suzuki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.1735","article-title":"Inhibition of PAD4 activity is sufficient to disrupt mouse and human NET formation","volume":"11","author":"Lewis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-020-01221-0","article-title":"Inhibition of PAD2 Improves Survival in a Mouse Model of Lethal LPS-Induced Endotoxic Shock","volume":"43","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.110.002733","article-title":"Neutrophil elastase, proteinase 3, and cathepsin G as therapeutic targets in human diseases","volume":"62","author":"Korkmaz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.13239","article-title":"Neutrophil elastase-deficient mice form neutrophil extracellular traps in an experimental model of deep vein thrombosis","volume":"14","author":"Martinod","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2012.02.003","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of DX-890, a human neutrophil elastase inhibitor","volume":"11","author":"Dunlevy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cyst. Fibros."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-9-60","article-title":"Neutrophil elastase reduces secretion of secretory leukoproteinase inhibitor (SLPI) by lung epithelial cells: Role of charge of the proteinase-inhibitor complex","volume":"9","author":"Sullivan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3847","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-2047","article-title":"The Interplay Between Neutrophils and CD8(+) T Cells Improves Survival in Human Colorectal Cancer","volume":"23","author":"Governa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1800102","article-title":"Neutrophil and Granulocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell-Mediated T Cell Suppression Significantly Contributes to Immune Dysregulation in Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders","volume":"202","author":"Vlkova","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1112596","article-title":"The B cell helper side of neutrophils","volume":"94","author":"Cerutti","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2194","article-title":"B cell-helper neutrophils stimulate the diversification and production of immunoglobulin in the marginal zone of the spleen","volume":"13","author":"Puga","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0000000000000231","article-title":"Neutrophil recruitment by allergens contribute to allergic sensitization and allergic inflammation","volume":"16","author":"Hosoki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43568","DOI":"10.1038\/srep43568","article-title":"A possible role for neutrophils in allergic rhinitis revealed after cellular subclassification","volume":"7","author":"Arebro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.06.005","article-title":"A novel role for neutrophils in IgE-mediated allergy: Evidence for antigen presentation in late-phase reactions","volume":"143","author":"Polak","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3107","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201040671","article-title":"Regulatory T cells can prevent memory CD8+ T-cell-mediated rejection following polymorphonuclear cell depletion","volume":"40","author":"Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yildiz, M.B., and Yildiz, E. (2021). Evaluation of serum neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in corneal graft rejection after low-risk penetrating keratoplasty. Int. Ophthalmol.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-021-01999-4"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trim.2021.101434","article-title":"Diphenyleneiodonium ameliorates acute liver rejection during transplantation by inhibiting neutrophil extracellular traps formation in vivo","volume":"68","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transpl. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00250","article-title":"Deficient Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in Patients Undergoing Bone Marrow Transplantation","volume":"7","author":"Glenn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1038\/embor.2011.259","article-title":"Neutrophils\u2014The unexpected helpers of B-cell activation","volume":"13","author":"Harwood","year":"2012","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.7.1019","article-title":"Neutrophil granulocyte-committed cells can be driven to acquire dendritic cell characteristics","volume":"187","author":"Oehler","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00661","article-title":"Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Induced Dendritic Cell Activation Leads to Th1 Polarization in Type 1 Diabetes","volume":"11","author":"Parackova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-03-453217","article-title":"Social networking of human neutrophils within the immune system","volume":"124","author":"Scapini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-019-0471-y","article-title":"The regulatory roles of neutrophils in adaptive immunity","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2927","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001289","article-title":"Neutrophils influence the level of antigen presentation during the immune response to protein antigens in adjuvants","volume":"185","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.03.022","article-title":"Redefining macrophage and neutrophil biology in the metastatic cascade","volume":"54","author":"Guc","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3150","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1103414","article-title":"T lymphocyte priming by neutrophil extracellular traps links innate and adaptive immune responses","volume":"188","author":"Tillack","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yajuk, O., Baron, M., Toker, S., Zelter, T., Fainsod-Levi, T., and Granot, Z. (2021). The PD-L1\/PD-1 Axis Blocks Neutrophil Cytotoxicity in Cancer. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10061510"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6110","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.10.6110-6118.2001","article-title":"T cells augment monocyte and neutrophil function in host resistance against oropharyngeal candidiasis","volume":"69","author":"Farah","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2012.44","article-title":"Defining the nature of human gammadelta T cells: A biographical sketch of the highly empathetic","volume":"10","author":"Kalyan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01694","article-title":"Techniques to Study Antigen-Specific B Cell Responses","volume":"10","author":"Boonyaratanakornkit","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1748","article-title":"Immunoglobulin D enhances immune surveillance by activating antimicrobial, proinflammatory and B cell-stimulating programs in basophils","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"467","article-title":"Neutrophil-Mediated Phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"5","author":"Bestebroer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636818","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.636818","article-title":"Marginal Zone B Cells Assist With Neutrophil Accumulation to Fight Against Systemic Staphylococcus aureus Infection","volume":"12","author":"Lo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000044","article-title":"Neutrophils\u2014A key component of ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"40","author":"Schofield","year":"2013","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chun, Y., and Kim, J. (2018). Autophagy: An Essential Degradation Program for Cellular Homeostasis and Life. Cells, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells7120278"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2020.04.001","article-title":"Genetic defects of autophagy linked to disease","volume":"172","author":"Fraiberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_83","first-page":"1","article-title":"An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy","volume":"335","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s40169-017-0154-5","article-title":"Autophagy and inflammation","volume":"6","author":"Qian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"tkz001","DOI":"10.1093\/burnst\/tkz001","article-title":"Autophagy-mediated regulation of neutrophils and clinical applications","volume":"8","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Burns Trauma"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C348","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00108.2013","article-title":"Pivotal role for the mTOR pathway in the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps via regulation of autophagy","volume":"305","author":"Itakura","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4196\/kjpp.2020.24.1.1","article-title":"Autophagy in neutrophils","volume":"24","author":"Shrestha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korean J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S75976","article-title":"Induction of apoptosis and autophagy via sirtuin1- and PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR-mediated pathways by plumbagin in human prostate cancer cells","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mroczek, A., Cieloch, A., Manda-Handzlik, A., Kuzmicka, W., Muchowicz, A., and Wachowska, M. (2020). Overexpression of ATG5 Gene Makes Granulocyte-Like HL-60 Susceptible to Release Reactive Oxygen Species. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21155194"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12740","article-title":"Aging-related Atg5 defect impairs neutrophil extracellular traps formation","volume":"151","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.08.019","article-title":"Autophagy Is Required for Neutrophil-Mediated Inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.4MIR0220-574RR","article-title":"Neutrophils at the crossroads of innate and adaptive immunity","volume":"108","author":"Rosales","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09782","article-title":"Autophagy in immunity and inflammation","volume":"469","author":"Levine","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2010.150","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular trap cell death requires both autophagy and superoxide generation","volume":"21","author":"Remijsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2014.169","article-title":"The generation of neutrophils in the bone marrow is controlled by autophagy","volume":"22","author":"Rozman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2017.00029","article-title":"Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Autophagy, and Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25583","article-title":"Rapamycin Rescues Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Dry Eye Syndrome in Mice","volume":"60","author":"Cho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601745","article-title":"Deletion of Nlrp3 Augments Survival during Polymicrobial Sepsis by Decreasing Autophagy and Enhancing Phagocytosis","volume":"198","author":"Jin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00113","article-title":"Neutrophil: A Cell with Many Roles in Inflammation or Several Cell Types?","volume":"9","author":"Rosales","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2014.29.1.2","article-title":"Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis","volume":"29","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2007-0015","article-title":"The role for endoplasmic reticulum stress in diabetes mellitus","volume":"29","author":"Eizirik","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2019.06.012","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress, degeneration of pancreatic islet beta-cells, and therapeutic modulation of the unfolded protein response in diabetes","volume":"27S","author":"Ghosh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.11.016","article-title":"Crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum stress and brain inflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"136","author":"Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1159\/000491464","article-title":"Mitochondrial Activity and Unfolded Protein Response are Required for Neutrophil Differentiation","volume":"47","author":"Tanimura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4802","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500073","article-title":"Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress of Neutrophils Is Required for Ischemia\/Reperfusion-Induced Acute Lung Injury","volume":"195","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e137866","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI137866","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor IRE1alpha propels neutrophil hyperactivity in lupus","volume":"131","author":"Sule","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.08.013","article-title":"Neutrophil Membrane Cholesterol Content is a Key Factor in Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease","volume":"23","author":"White","year":"2017","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2016.1205085","article-title":"Tunicamycin aggravates endoplasmic reticulum stress and airway inflammation via PERK-ATF4-CHOP signaling in a murine model of neutrophilic asthma","volume":"54","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Asthma"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2021.4914","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress\/XBP1 promotes airway mucin secretion under the influence of neutrophil elastase","volume":"47","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12574","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91947-0","article-title":"Neutrophils drive endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells through arginase-1 release","volume":"11","author":"Gajate","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaay5356","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay5356","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps target senescent vasculature for tissue remodeling in retinopathy","volume":"369","author":"Binet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102632","article-title":"Aging exacerbates neutrophil pathogenicity in ischemic stroke","volume":"12","author":"Ahnstedt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e571","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000571","article-title":"Harmful neutrophil subsets in patients with ischemic stroke: Association with disease severity","volume":"6","author":"Dong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15367","article-title":"Neutrophil ageing is regulated by the microbiome","volume":"525","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2168","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-11-844555","article-title":"Cross talk between neutrophils and the microbiota","volume":"133","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.304944","article-title":"Coronary neutrophil extracellular trap burden and deoxyribonuclease activity in ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome are predictors of ST-segment resolution and infarct size","volume":"116","author":"Mangold","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-05-718999","article-title":"Aged neutrophils contribute to the first line of defense in the acute inflammatory response","volume":"128","author":"Uhl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2488","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16191-y","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps released by neutrophils impair revascularization and vascular remodeling after stroke","volume":"11","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9813","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0909927107","article-title":"Impairment of neutrophil extracellular trap degradation is associated with lupus nephritis","volume":"107","author":"Hakkim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_120","first-page":"3112","article-title":"The effect of smoking on neutrophil\/lymphocyte and platelet\/lymphocyte ratio and platelet indices: A retrospective study","volume":"20","author":"Tulgar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-014-0121-2","article-title":"Increased activation of blood neutrophils after cigarette smoking in young individuals susceptible to COPD","volume":"15","author":"Hoonhorst","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-018-0187-x","article-title":"Cigarette smoke extract enhances neutrophil elastase-induced IL-8 production via proteinase-activated receptor-2 upregulation in human bronchial epithelial cells","volume":"50","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00062209","article-title":"Cigarette smoke induces CXCL8 production by human neutrophils via activation of TLR9 receptor","volume":"36","author":"Mortaz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, X., Jiang, S.Y., Wang, T.Y., Bai, Y., Zhong, M., Wang, A., Lippmann, M., Chen, L.C., Rajagopalan, S., and Sun, Q. (2013). Inflammatory response to fine particulate air pollution exposure: Neutrophil versus monocyte. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071414"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3486841","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3486841","article-title":"PM2.5 Exposure in the Respiratory System Induces Distinct Inflammatory Signaling in the Lung and the Liver of Mice","volume":"2019","author":"Jeong","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02274","article-title":"Suppression of Neutrophil Antimicrobial Functions by Total Particulate Matter From Cigarette Smoke","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1002\/bio.1270","article-title":"Effect of alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking on neutrophil functions in adults","volume":"26","author":"Sato","year":"2011","journal-title":"Luminescence"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.07.005","article-title":"Abnormal neutrophil traps and impaired efferocytosis contribute to liver injury and sepsis severity after binge alcohol use","volume":"69","author":"Bukong","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stadlbauer, V., Horvath, A., Komarova, I., Schmerboeck, B., Feldbacher, N., Wurm, S., Klymiuk, I., Durdevic, M., Rainer, F., and Blesl, A. (2019). A single alcohol binge impacts on neutrophil function without changes in gut barrier function and gut microbiome composition in healthy volunteers. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0211703"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e58855","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.58855","article-title":"Chronic ethanol consumption compromises neutrophil function in acute pulmonary Aspergillus fumigatus infection","volume":"9","author":"Malacco","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1159\/000455969","article-title":"Vitamin D Promotes Pneumococcal Killing and Modulates Inflammatory Responses in Primary Human Neutrophils","volume":"9","author":"Subramanian","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Innate Immun."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45172","DOI":"10.1038\/srep45172","article-title":"Vitamin D both facilitates and attenuates the cellular response to lipopolysaccharide","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13338","article-title":"Vitamin D affects the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Investig."},{"key":"ref_134","first-page":"19","article-title":"Vitamin D3 deficiency increases DNA damage and the oxidative burst of neutrophils in a hypertensive rat model","volume":"798\u2013799","author":"Venancio","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-020-01304-9","article-title":"Variability in blood lipids affects the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention: A retrospective study","volume":"19","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1159\/000366373","article-title":"Hypercholesterolemia increases the production of leukotriene B4 in neutrophils by enhancing the nuclear localization of 5-lipoxygenase","volume":"34","author":"Lai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.961714","article-title":"Hyperlipidemia-triggered neutrophilia promotes early atherosclerosis","volume":"122","author":"Drechsler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bosco, A.M., de Almeida, B.F., Pereira, P.P., Narciso, L.G., Lima, V.M., and Ciarlini, P.C. (2013). High concentrations of glucose reduce the oxidative metabolism of dog neutrophils in vitro. BMC Vet. Res., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-9-24"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2597","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.106.086769","article-title":"Elevated glucose concentrations promote receptor-independent activation of adherent human neutrophils: An experimental and computational approach","volume":"92","author":"Kummer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3887","article-title":"Diabetes primes neutrophils to undergo NETosis, which impairs wound healing","volume":"21","author":"Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e276","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30651-4","article-title":"COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adolescents","volume":"20","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-00468-6","article-title":"Coronavirus biology and replication: Implications for SARS-CoV-2","volume":"19","author":"Kratzel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.013","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease and COVID-19","volume":"14","author":"Bansal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102925","article-title":"Vascular occlusion by neutrophil extracellular traps in COVID-19","volume":"58","author":"Leppkes","year":"2020","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20201012","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20201012","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps infiltrate the lung airway, interstitial, and vascular compartments in severe COVID-19","volume":"217","author":"Radermecker","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20201129","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20201129","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2-triggered neutrophil extracellular traps mediate COVID-19 pathology","volume":"217","author":"Veras","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020007008","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps contribute to immunothrombosis in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"136","author":"Middleton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.118.311150","article-title":"Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Induce Endothelial Cell Activation and Tissue Factor Production Through Interleukin-1alpha and Cathepsin G","volume":"38","author":"Folco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6151","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI141374","article-title":"Complement and tissue factor-enriched neutrophil extracellular traps are key drivers in COVID-19 immunothrombosis","volume":"130","author":"Skendros","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2021.100113","article-title":"Proteome Profiling of Recombinant DNase Therapy in Reducing NETs and Aiding Recovery in COVID-19 Patients","volume":"20","author":"Fisher","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zuo, Y., Yalavarthi, S., Shi, H., Gockman, K., Zuo, M., Madison, J.A., Blair, C., Weber, A., Barnes, B.J., and Egeblad, M. (2020). Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) as markers of disease severity in COVID-19. medRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.04.09.20059626"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2020.120389","article-title":"Long-acting nanoparticulate DNase-1 for effective suppression of SARS-CoV-2-mediated neutrophil activities and cytokine storm","volume":"267","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.02.007","article-title":"Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Confine Pseudomonas aeruginosa Ocular Biofilms and Restrict Brain Invasion","volume":"25","author":"Thanabalasuriar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01182","article-title":"Protein Deiminase 4 and CR3 Regulate Aspergillus fumigatus and beta-Glucan-Induced Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation, but Hyphal Killing Is Dependent Only on CR3","volume":"9","author":"Clark","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dib.2016.11.003","article-title":"Data set of Aspergillus flavus induced alterations in tear proteome: Understanding the pathogen-induced host response to fungal infection","volume":"9","author":"Kandhavelu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Data Brief"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12288","article-title":"In vitro resistance mechanisms of Neisseria meningitidis against neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"89","author":"Lappann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7413","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000675","article-title":"A novel mechanism of rapid nuclear neutrophil extracellular trap formation in response to Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"185","author":"Pilsczek","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1159\/000319909","article-title":"Nuclease expression by Staphylococcus aureus facilitates escape from neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"2","author":"Berends","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Innate Immun."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4135","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.02169-14","article-title":"Distinct susceptibilities of corneal Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates to neutrophil extracellular trap-mediated immunity","volume":"82","author":"Shan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-04023-2","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps may have a dual role in Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis","volume":"40","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2019.1657464","article-title":"Glucocorticoids May Exacerbate Fungal Keratitis by Increasing Fungal Aggressivity and Inhibiting the Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps","volume":"45","author":"Fan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_162","first-page":"944","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps involvement in corneal fungal infection","volume":"22","author":"Jin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7261980","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7261980","article-title":"Understanding the Role of Chemokines and Cytokines in Experimental Models of Herpes Simplex Keratitis","volume":"2017","author":"Azher","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8502","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01198-13","article-title":"Absence of CXCL10 aggravates herpes stromal keratitis with reduced primary neutrophil influx in mice","volume":"87","author":"Shen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2009.0006","article-title":"Chemokine CXCL1\/KC and its receptor CXCR2 are responsible for neutrophil chemotaxis in adenoviral keratitis","volume":"29","author":"Chintakuntlawar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Interferon Cytokine Res."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0807571","article-title":"IL-17 receptor signaling influences virus-induced corneal inflammation","volume":"83","author":"Yin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100736","article-title":"Role of IL-17 and Th17 cells in herpes simplex virus-induced corneal immunopathology","volume":"187","author":"Suryawanshi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196827","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/196827","article-title":"The ocular surface chemical burns","volume":"2014","author":"Eslani","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2016.09.002","article-title":"Current and Upcoming Therapies for Ocular Surface Chemical Injuries","volume":"15","author":"Eslani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551057","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.551057","article-title":"Acetylsalicylic Acid Promotes Corneal Epithelium Migration by Regulating Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Alkali Burn","volume":"11","author":"Wan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"DES7","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-23475","article-title":"Definition and Diagnostic Criteria of Dry Eye Disease: Historical Overview and Future Directions","volume":"59","author":"Shimazaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Investig. Opthalmology Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.08.011","article-title":"Enhanced closed eye neutrophil degranulation in dry eye disease","volume":"18","author":"Postnikoff","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4582","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-15750","article-title":"The Noninflammatory Phenotype of Neutrophils From the Closed-Eye Environment: A Flow Cytometry Analysis of Receptor Expression","volume":"56","author":"Gorbet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Investig. Opthalmology Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_174","first-page":"922","article-title":"Possible involvement of NETosis in inflammatory processes in the eye: Evidence from a small cohort of patients","volume":"23","author":"Barliya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8253","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10430","article-title":"Ocular surface extracellular DNA and nuclease activity imbalance: A new paradigm for inflammation in dry eye disease","volume":"53","author":"Sonawane","year":"2012","journal-title":"Investig. Opthalmology Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7961","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-15332","article-title":"Hyperosmolar stress induces neutrophil extracellular trap formation: Implications for dry eye disease","volume":"55","author":"Tibrewal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Investig. Opthalmology Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.01.006","article-title":"Emerging strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction: Proceedings of the OCEAN group meeting","volume":"15","author":"Geerling","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10973","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10973","article-title":"Externalized decondensed neutrophil chromatin occludes pancreatic ducts and drives pancreatitis","volume":"7","author":"Leppkes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2020.12.005","article-title":"Aggregated neutrophil extracellular traps occlude Meibomian glands during ocular surface inflammation","volume":"20","author":"Mahajan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ozarslan Ozcan, D., Kurtul, B.E., Ozcan, S.C., and Elbeyli, A. (2020). Increased Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index Levels in Patients with Dry Eye Disease. Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm., 1\u20135.","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2020.1821899"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Targonska-Stepniak, B., Zwolak, R., Piotrowski, M., Grzechnik, K., and Majdan, M. (2020). The Relationship between Hematological Markers of Systemic Inflammation (Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte, Platelet-To-Lymphocyte, Lymphocyte-To-Monocyte Ratios) and Ultrasound Disease Activity Parameters in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9092760"},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao, X., Zhao, M., Li, H., Xu, D., Li, M., Zhang, X., Zhang, F., Hou, Y., and Zeng, X. (2021). Three new inflammatory markers C reactive protein to albumin ratio, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, and platelet to lymphocyte ratio correlated with relapsing polychondritis disease activity index. Clin. Rheumatol.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-021-05827-z"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000872","article-title":"Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Increases in Patients With Dry Eye","volume":"35","author":"Sekeryapan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.3109\/09537104.2014.979340","article-title":"The platelet-lymphocyte ratio: A simple, inexpensive and rapid prognostic marker for cardiovascular events","volume":"26","author":"Balta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Platelets"},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prostaglandins.2018.03.002","article-title":"The effect of n-3 fatty acids and coenzyme Q10 supplementation on neutrophil leukotrienes, mediators of inflammation resolution and myeloperoxidase in chronic kidney disease","volume":"136","author":"Barden","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-018-0070-z","article-title":"Dietary DHA amplifies LXA4 circuits in tissues and lymph node PMN and is protective in immune-driven dry eye disease","volume":"11","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mucosal. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_187","first-page":"407031","article-title":"Dysfunction of lacrimal and salivary glands in Sjogren\u2019s syndrome: Nonimmunologic injury in preinflammatory phase and mouse model","volume":"2011","author":"Hayashi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1159\/000024423","article-title":"Sjogren\u2019s syndrome: Autoantibodies to cellular antigens. Clinical and molecular aspects","volume":"123","author":"Mavragani","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, C.H., Li, K.J., Yu, C.L., Tsai, C.Y., and Hsieh, S.C. (2015). Sjogren\u2019s Syndrome Antigen B Acts as an Endogenous Danger Molecule to Induce Interleukin-8 Gene Expression in Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0125501"},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2019.03.010","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) contribute to pathological changes of ocular graft-vs.-host disease (oGVHD) dry eye: Implications for novel biomarkers and therapeutic strategies","volume":"17","author":"An","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ocul. Surf."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684886","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.684886","article-title":"Novel Therapeutic Strategy Based on Neutrophil Subset and Its Function in Autoimmune Dis.ease","volume":"12","author":"Nakazawa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200110000-00012","article-title":"Natural inhibitors of neutrophil function in acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Geerts","year":"2001","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.13251","article-title":"Neutrophil elastase inhibitor (sivelestat) may be a promising therapeutic option for management of acute lung injury\/acute respiratory distress syndrome or disseminated intravascular coagulation in COVID-19","volume":"45","author":"Sahebnasagh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharm. Ther."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pu, S., Wang, D., Liu, D., Zhao, Y., Qi, D., He, J., and Zhou, G. (2017). Effect of sivelestat sodium in patients with acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Pulm. Med., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-017-0498-z"},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.5761\/atcs.oa.19-00240","article-title":"Neutrophil Elastase Inhibitor Sivelestat Attenuates Myocardial Injury after Cardioplegic Arrest in Rat Hearts","volume":"26","author":"Fujii","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70133-3","article-title":"Aquaporin 4 and neuromyelitis optica","volume":"11","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.13851","article-title":"Sivelestat sodium hydrate treatment for refractory Kawasaki disease","volume":"61","author":"Ebata","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr. Int."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2017.4684","article-title":"Sivelestat sodium hydrate improves post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis through nuclear factor-kappaB in a rat model","volume":"14","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_199","first-page":"371","article-title":"Sivelestat alleviates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice through inhibiting activation of Kupffer cells","volume":"25","author":"Zang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_200","first-page":"528","article-title":"Sivelestat sodium hydrate attenuates acute lung injury by decreasing systemic inflammation in a rat model of severe burns","volume":"20","author":"Xiao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2019.03.009","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of the human neutrophil elastase inhibitor BAY 85-8501 for the treatment of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"56","author":"Watz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.111152","article-title":"Neutrophil elastase inhibitor (MPH-966) improves intestinal mucosal damage and gut microbiota in a mouse model of 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis","volume":"134","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2018.07.005","article-title":"Inhibition of peptidylarginine deiminase alleviates LPS-induced pulmonary dysfunction and improves survival in a mouse model of lethal endotoxemia","volume":"833","author":"Liang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15228","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33385-z","article-title":"Evidence for a direct link between PAD4-mediated citrullination and the oxidative burst in human neutrophils","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/22\/19\/10386\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:05:33Z","timestamp":1760166333000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/22\/19\/10386"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]},"references-count":204,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms221910386"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms221910386","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]}}}