{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T20:57:59Z","timestamp":1765486679140,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012538","name":"Swedish Cancer Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20 0759 PjF 01 H"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20 0759 PjF 01 H"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012538","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Lisa and Johan Gr\u00f6nbergs Foundation","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]},{"name":"Anna-Lisa och Bror Bj\u00f6rnsson Stiftelse","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]},{"name":"Gustafsson Foundation","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]},{"name":"Eriksson Foundation","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) accounts for only 1\u20132% of thyroid cancers; however, metastatic MTC is a mortal disease with no cure. In this study, glycosphingolipids were isolated from human MTCs and characterized by mass spectrometry and binding of carbohydrate recognizing ligands. The tissue distribution of selected compounds was investigated by immunohistochemistry. The amount of acid glycosphingolipids in the MTCs was higher than in the normal thyroid glands. The major acid glycosphingolipid was the GD3 ganglioside. Sulfatide and the gangliosides GM3 and GD1a were also present. The majority of the complex non-acid glycosphingolipids had type 2 (Gal\u03b24GlcNAc) core chains, i.e., the neolactotetraosylceramide, the Lex, H type 2 and x2 pentaosylceramides, the Ley and A type 2 hexaosylceramides, and the A type 2 heptaosylceramide. There were also compounds with globo (Gal\u03b1Gal\u03b24Glc) core, i.e., globotriaosylceramide, globotetraosylceramide, the Forssman pentaosylceramide, and the Globo H hexaosylceramide. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated an extensive expression av Ley in the MTC cells and also a variable intensity and prevalence of Globo H and Lex. One individual with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B expressed the Forssman determinant, which is rarely found in humans. This study of human MTC glycosphingolipids identifies glycans that could serve as potential tumor-specific markers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221910463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]],"date-time":"2021-09-28T21:38:09Z","timestamp":1632865089000},"page":"10463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Characterization of Human Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Glycosphingolipids Identifies Potential Cancer Markers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2839-9362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin","family":"S\u00e4lj\u00f6","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden"},{"name":"Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4779-5042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anders","family":"Thornell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, S-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunsheng","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olov","family":"Norl\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, S-75185 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susann","family":"Teneberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2016.0457","article-title":"Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and the postpartum","volume":"27","author":"Alexander","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.19.2.114","article-title":"Histogenesis of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid","volume":"19","author":"Williams","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. 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