{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T17:59:04Z","timestamp":1764784744275,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It was developed a new technique to assess micro- and mesopores with sizes below a few nanometers. The porous materials with hierarchical fractal-percolation structure were obtained with the sol-gel method. The tetraethoxysilane hydrolysis and polycondensation reactions were performed in the presence of salts as the sources of metal oxides. The porous materials were obtained under spinodal decomposition conditions during application of the polymer sol to the substrate surface and thermal treatment of the structures. The model is based on an enhanced Kepler net of the 4612 type with hexagonal cells filled with a quasi-two-dimensional projection of the Jullien fractal after the 2nd iteration. The materials obtained with the sol-gel method were studied using the atomic force microscopy, electron microscopy, thermal desorption, as well as an AutoCAD 2022 computer simulation of the percolation transition in a two-component system using the proposed multimodal model. Based on the results obtained, a new method was suggested to assess micro- and mesopores with sizes below a few nanometrs, which cannot be analyzed using the atomic force microscopy and electron microscopy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221910521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T08:27:44Z","timestamp":1632904064000},"page":"10521","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Fractal-Percolation Structure Architectonics in Sol-Gel Synthesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Irina","family":"Kononova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Micro- and Nanoelectronics, Faculty of Electronics, Saint-Petersburg Electrotechnical University \u201cLETI\u201d, 5, pr. Popova, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5390-8376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavel","family":"Kononov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Descriptive Geometry and Graphics, Faculty of Basic and Human Sciences, Saint-Petersburg Mining University, 2, 21st Line, 199106 Saint-Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vyacheslav","family":"Moshnikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Micro- and Nanoelectronics, Faculty of Electronics, Saint-Petersburg Electrotechnical University \u201cLETI\u201d, 5, pr. Popova, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5527-0978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergey","family":"Ignat\u2019ev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Descriptive Geometry and Graphics, Faculty of Basic and Human Sciences, Saint-Petersburg Mining University, 2, 21st Line, 199106 Saint-Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.3762\/bjnano.11.11","article-title":"Molecular architectonics of DNA for functional nanoarchitectures","volume":"11","author":"Ghosh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Beilstein J. 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