{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:45:33Z","timestamp":1777675533049,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Research Foundation - Flanders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1196418N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1196418N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Research Foundation - Flanders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["V401820N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["V401820N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>One key element to the health of the ocular surface encompasses the presence of gel-forming mucins in the pre-ocular tear film. Conjunctival goblet cells are specialized epithelial cells that secrete mucins necessary for tear film stability and general homeostasis. Their dysfunction can be linked to a range of ocular surface inflammation disorders and chronic injuries. To obtain new perspectives and angles to tackle mucin deficiency, the need for an accurate evaluation of their presence and corresponding mucin secretion in ex vivo conjunctival cultures has become a requisite. In vitro, goblet cells show a significant decrease in the production and secretion of gel-forming mucins, accompanied by signs of dedifferentiation or transdifferentiation. Explant cultures on laminin-treated CLP-PEG hydrogels can, however, support the production of gel-forming mucins. Together, we challenge the current paradigm to evaluate the presence of cultured goblet cells solely based on their general mucin (MUC) content through imaging analyses, showing the need for additional techniques to assess the functionality of goblet cells. In addition, we broadened the gel-forming mucin profile of in vivo goblet cells with MUC5B and MUC6, while MUC2 and MUC6 is added to the profile of cultured goblet cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221910528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T00:03:42Z","timestamp":1632960222000},"page":"10528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Characterisation of Gel-Forming Mucins Produced In Vivo and In Ex Vivo Conjunctival Explant Cultures"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4652-2387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara I.","family":"Van Acker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Antwerp Research Group for Ocular Science (ARGOS), Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6371-9619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bert","family":"Van den Bogerd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antwerp Research Group for Ocular Science (ARGOS), Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zo\u00eb P.","family":"Van Acker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agn\u0117","family":"Vailionyt\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ferentis UAB, 02300 Vilnius, Lithuania"},{"name":"Department of Nanoengineering, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, 02300 Vilnius, Lithuania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Haagdorens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antwerp Research Group for Ocular Science (ARGOS), Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carina","family":"Koppen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antwerp Research Group for Ocular Science (ARGOS), Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1115-7834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sorcha","family":"N\u00ed Dhubhghaill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antwerp Research Group for Ocular Science (ARGOS), Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darlene A.","family":"Dartt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schepens Eye Research Institute\/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Pintelon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"4390","article-title":"The ocular surface: The challenge to enable and protect vision: The Friedenwald lecture","volume":"48","author":"Gipson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Invest. 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