{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T15:27:53Z","timestamp":1792250873313,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]],"date-time":"2021-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633478400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent gynecological disorder, defined as the growth of endometrial stromal cells and glands at extrauterine sites. Endometriotic lesions are more frequently located into the abdominal cavity, although they can also be implanted in distant places. Among its etiological factors, the presence of immune dysregulation occupies a prominent place, pointing out the beneficial and harmful outcomes of macrophages in the pathogenesis of this disease. Macrophages are tissue-resident cells that connect innate and adaptive immunity, playing a key role in maintaining local homeostasis in healthy conditions and being critical in the development and sustainment of many inflammatory diseases. Macrophages accumulate in the peritoneal cavity of women with endometriosis, but their ability to clear migrated endometrial fragments seems to be inefficient. Hence, the characteristics of the peritoneal immune system in endometriosis must be further studied to facilitate the search for new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. In this review, we summarize recent relevant advances obtained in both mouse, as the main animal model used to study endometriosis, and human, focusing on peritoneal macrophages obtained from endometriotic patients and healthy donors, under the perspective of its future clinical translation to the role that these cells play on this pathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221910792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]],"date-time":"2021-10-07T16:23:58Z","timestamp":1633623838000},"page":"10792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["The Role of Peritoneal Macrophages in Endometriosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6938-504X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara N.","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Pavez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Biolog\u00eda Molecular (B) e Inmunolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, IMIB and Regional Campus of International Excellence \u201cCampus Mare Nostrum\u201d, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5765-8231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Esparza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Biolog\u00eda Molecular (B) e Inmunolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, IMIB and Regional Campus of International Excellence \u201cCampus Mare Nostrum\u201d, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6913-0610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio J.","family":"Ruiz-Alcaraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Biolog\u00eda Molecular (B) e Inmunolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, IMIB and Regional Campus of International Excellence \u201cCampus Mare Nostrum\u201d, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3349-8445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pilar","family":"Mar\u00edn-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Ginecolog\u00eda y Obstetricia, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Machado-Linde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Ginecolog\u00eda y Obstetricia, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario Reina Sof\u00eda, CARM, 30002 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2922-4804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pilar","family":"Garc\u00eda-Pe\u00f1arrubia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Biolog\u00eda Molecular (B) e Inmunolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, IMIB and Regional Campus of International Excellence \u201cCampus Mare Nostrum\u201d, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0008-5","article-title":"Endometriosis","volume":"4","author":"Zondervan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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