{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T15:20:17Z","timestamp":1781191217056,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]],"date-time":"2021-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["307564\/2017-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["307564\/2017-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["27724\/2018-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["27724\/2018-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88887.200500\/2018-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.200500\/2018-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["88881.172137\/2018-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88881.172137\/2018-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) is currently high in regions such as the Amazon. Understanding the molecular changes associated with MeHg-induced neurotoxicity and the crosstalk with the periphery is essential to support early diagnoses. This work aimed to evaluate cellular and molecular changes associated with behavioral alterations in MeHg acute exposure and the possible changes in extracellular vesicles (EVs) number and S100\u03b2 content. Adults male Wistar rats were orally treated with 5 mg\/kg for four days. Behavioral performance, molecular and histological changes in the cerebellum, and plasma EVs were assessed. MeHg-intoxicated animals performed significantly worse in behavioral tests. MeHg increased the number of GFAP+ cells and GFAP and S100\u03b2 mRNA expression in the cerebellum but no change in NeuN+ or IBA-1+ cells number was detected. The number of exosomes isolated from plasma were decreased by the metal. S100B mRNA was detected in circulating plasma EVs cargo in MeHg exposure. Though preliminary, our results suggest astrocytic reactivity is displaying a protective role once there was no neuronal death. Interestingly, the reduction in exosomes number could be a new mechanism associated with MeHg-induced neurotoxicity and plasma EVs could represent a source of future biomarkers in MeHg intoxication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms221910855","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,8]],"date-time":"2021-10-08T21:23:55Z","timestamp":1633728235000},"page":"10855","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Contributing to Understand the Crosstalk between Brain and Periphery in Methylmercury Intoxication: Neurotoxicity and Extracellular Vesicles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2817-3539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela de Paula","family":"Arrifano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4772-9929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus","family":"Augusto-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Sealey-Bright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaezah","family":"Zainal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciana","family":"Imbiriba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7004-0719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luanna Melo Pereira","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4493-7375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiane Socorro Ferraz","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1380-6655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Anthony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1335-6853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Elena","family":"Crespo-Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Farmacologia Molecular, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1, Bel\u00e9m 66075-110, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2021, August 20). 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