{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:47:43Z","timestamp":1787028463090,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":263,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]],"date-time":"2021-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Open Access Publication Fund of Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","award":["UFF 89\/441-176, to A.S."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UFF 89\/441-176, to A.S."]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["STE 1765\/3-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STE 1765\/3-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ghrelin and nesfatin-1 are enteroendocrine peptide hormones expressed in rat X\/A-like and human P\/D1cells of the gastric mucosa. Besides their effect on food intake, both peptides are also implicated in various other physiological systems. One of these is the reproductive system. This present review illustrates the distribution of ghrelin and nesfatin-1 along the hypothalamus\u2013pituitary\u2013gonadal (HPG) axis, their modulation by reproductive hormones, and effects on reproductive functions as well as highlighting gaps in current knowledge to foster further research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222011059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]],"date-time":"2021-10-14T09:10:49Z","timestamp":1634202649000},"page":"11059","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["The Role of the Gastric Hormones Ghrelin and Nesfatin-1 in Reproduction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Martha A.","family":"Schalla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Stengel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9 Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/45230","article-title":"Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach","volume":"402","author":"Kojima","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1038\/35038090","article-title":"Ghrelin induces adiposity in rodents","volume":"407","author":"Tschop","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"497","article-title":"The X\/A-like cell revisited\u2014Spotlight on the peripheral effects of NUCB2\/nesfatin-1 and ghrelin","volume":"68","author":"Weibert","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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