{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:26:40Z","timestamp":1760236000569,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]],"date-time":"2021-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japan Society of the Promotion of Science","award":["JSPS KAKENHI JP18H03182","JSPS KAKENHI JP21H03368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSPS KAKENHI JP18H03182","JSPS KAKENHI JP21H03368"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The HCO3\u2212 concentration in venous serum ([HCO3\u2212]s) is a factor commonly used for detecting the body pH and metabolic conditions. To exactly detect [HCO3\u2212]s, the venous CO2 pressure should be kept as it is in the vein. The [HCO3\u2212]s measurement is technically complicated to apply for huge numbers of almost heathy persons taking only basic medical examinations. The summation of [HCO3\u2212]s and the venous serum Cl\u2212 concentration ([Cl\u2212]s) is approximately constant; therefore, we studied if [Cl\u2212]s could be a marker detecting metabolic conditions instead of [HCO3\u2212]s. Venous blood was obtained from persons taking basic medical examinations (the number of persons = 107,630). Older persons showed higher values of [Cl\u2212]s, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) than younger ones. [Cl\u2212]s showed positive correlation to age and negative correlation to FBS and HBA1c. The negative correlation of [Cl\u2212]s to FBS\/HbA1c was obvious in persons with high FBS\/HbA1c, leading us to an idea that persons with high FBS\/HbA1c show high [HCO3\u2212]s, which might be caused by low activity of carbonic anhydrase in the lung observed in persons with diabetes mellitus under acidotic conditions. Taken together, an easily measured serum electrolyte, [Cl\u2212]s, could be a useful marker estimating metabolic conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222011111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]],"date-time":"2021-10-15T13:35:47Z","timestamp":1634304947000},"page":"11111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Possibility of Venous Serum Cl\u2212 Concentration ([Cl\u2212]s) as a Marker for Human Metabolic Status: Correlation of [Cl\u2212]s to Age, Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), and Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3846-0937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshinori","family":"Marunaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Institute, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Kyoto 604-8472, Japan"},{"name":"Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 802-8566, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katsumi","family":"Yagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Institute, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Kyoto 604-8472, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 802-8566, Japan"},{"name":"Luis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, Kyoto 606-8225, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noboru","family":"Imagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Institute, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Kyoto 604-8472, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hironori","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Institute, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Kyoto 604-8472, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaru","family":"Murayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Institute, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Kyoto 604-8472, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asami","family":"Minamibata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Institute, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Kyoto 604-8472, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 802-8566, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiaki","family":"Takanashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Institute, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Kyoto 604-8472, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Nakahari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Institute, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Kyoto 604-8472, Japan"},{"name":"Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Altobelli, E., Angeletti, P.M., Marziliano, C., Mastrodomenico, M., Giuliani, A.R., and Petrocelli, R. 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