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Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous vegetables, has already demonstrated the ability to inhibit cell proliferation, by provoking cell cycle arrest, and leading to apoptosis in many cell lines. In this study, we investigated the antineoplastic effects of SFN [20\u201380 \u03bcM for 48 h] in GBM cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Cell viability assays, flow cytometry, and Western blot results revealed that SFN could induce apoptosis of GBM cells in a dose-dependent manner, under both conditions. In particular, SFN significantly induced caspase 3\/7 activation and DNA fragmentation. Moreover, our results demonstrated that SFN suppressed GBM cells proliferation by arresting the cell cycle at the S-phase, also under hypoxic condition, and that these effects may be due in part to its ability to induce oxidative stress by reducing glutathione levels and to increase the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs). Overall, we hypothesized that SFN treatment might serve as a potential therapeutic strategy, alone or in combination, against GBM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222011201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]],"date-time":"2021-10-19T22:52:47Z","timestamp":1634683967000},"page":"11201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Sulforaphane Causes Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Glioblastoma U87MG and U373MG Cell Lines under Hypoxic Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6627-7078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Sita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology\u2014FaBiT, University of Bologna\u2014Alma Mater Studiorum, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4992-7902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnese","family":"Graziosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology\u2014FaBiT, University of Bologna\u2014Alma Mater Studiorum, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8415-3711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrizia","family":"Hrelia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology\u2014FaBiT, University of Bologna\u2014Alma Mater Studiorum, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6494-5968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiana","family":"Morroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and BioTechnology\u2014FaBiT, University of Bologna\u2014Alma Mater Studiorum, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n1560","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n1560","article-title":"Glioblastoma: Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management","volume":"374","author":"McKinnon","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noaa106","article-title":"Glioblastoma in adults: A Society for Neuro-Oncology (SNO) and European Society of Neuro-Oncology (EANO) consensus review on current management and future directions","volume":"22","author":"Wen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noz123","article-title":"ML Bondy Risk factors for childhood and adult primary brain tumors","volume":"21","author":"Ostrom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncology"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hut\u00f3czki, G., Virga, J., Birk\u00f3, Z., and Klekner, A. 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