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They are found in the cell cytoplasm as dynamic networks where they adapt energy production based on the cell\u2019s needs. They are also at the center of the proinflammatory response and have essential roles in the response against pathogenic infections. Mitochondria are a major site for production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS; or free radicals), which are essential to fight infection. However, excessive and uncontrolled production can become deleterious to the cell, leading to mitochondrial and tissue damage. Pathogens exploit the role of mitochondria during infection by affecting the oxidative phosphorylation mechanism (OXPHOS), mitochondrial network and disrupting the communication between the nucleus and the mitochondria. The role of mitochondria in these biological processes makes these organelle good targets for the development of therapeutic strategies. In this review, we presented a summary of the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria and their involvement in the pathogen response, as well as the potential promising mitochondrial targets for the fight against infectious diseases and chronic inflammatory diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T21:29:46Z","timestamp":1634765386000},"page":"11338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":352,"title":["Mitochondria as a Cellular Hub in Infection and Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Pauline","family":"Andrieux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm, INSERM, UMR_1090, Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, TAGC Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, Institut MarMaRa, 13288 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5269-8813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Chevillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm, INSERM, UMR_1090, Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, TAGC Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, Institut MarMaRa, 13288 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3699-3345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edecio","family":"Cunha-Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute (InCor), Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05403-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, S\u00e3o Paulo 05403-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4355-6669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo Silva","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm, INSERM, UMR_1090, Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, TAGC Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, Institut MarMaRa, 13288 Marseille, France"},{"name":"Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute (InCor), Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05403-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Institute for Investigation in Immunology (iii), INCT, S\u00e3o Paulo 05403-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2009.04.003","article-title":"Cardiolipin membrane domains in prokaryotes and eukaryotes","volume":"1788","author":"Mileykovskaya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim. 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