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The A37G mutation in tRNA[Ser]Sec abrogates isopentenylation of base 37 and has a profound effect on selenoprotein expression in mice. Patients with a homozygous pathogenic p.R323Q variant in tRNA-isopentenyl-transferase (TRIT1) show a severe neurological disorder, and hence we wondered whether selenoprotein expression was impaired. Patient fibroblasts with the homozygous p.R323Q variant did not show a general decrease in selenoprotein expression. However, recombinant human TRIT1R323Q had significantly diminished activities towards several tRNA substrates in vitro. We thus engineered mice conditionally deficient in Trit1 in hepatocytes and neurons. Mass-spectrometry revealed that hypermodification of U34 to mcm5Um occurs independently of isopentenylation of A37 in tRNA[Ser]Sec. Western blotting and 75Se metabolic labeling showed only moderate effects on selenoprotein levels and 75Se incorporation. A detailed analysis of Trit1-deficient liver using ribosomal profiling demonstrated that UGA\/Sec re-coding was moderately affected in Selenop, Txnrd1, and Sephs2, but not in Gpx1. 2\u2032O-methylation of U34 in tRNA[Ser]Sec depends on FTSJ1, but does not affect UGA\/Sec re-coding in selenoprotein translation. Taken together, our results show that a lack of isopentenylation of tRNA[Ser]Sec affects UGA\/Sec read-through but differs from a A37G mutation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]],"date-time":"2021-10-24T22:06:16Z","timestamp":1635113176000},"page":"11454","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The Effect of tRNA[Ser]Sec Isopentenylation on Selenoprotein Expression"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3418-0743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noelia","family":"Fradejas-Villar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1551-9839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Bohleber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenchao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uschi","family":"Reuter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Kotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, D-55128 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0154-0928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Helm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, D-55128 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8320-5885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rainer","family":"Knoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"McFarland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7768-8873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert W.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yufeng","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4075-7660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenjyo","family":"Miyauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuriko","family":"Sakaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, 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