{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T07:18:23Z","timestamp":1782976703811,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Romanian Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization","award":["Programme Nucleus Laplace VI, ctr 16N\/2019  PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017-0728"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Programme Nucleus Laplace VI, ctr 16N\/2019  PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017-0728"]}]},{"name":"Polish National Science Center","award":["2019\/03\/X\/ST8\/01582"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/03\/X\/ST8\/01582"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A series of coatings from poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) were obtained using the matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) technique. By changing the process parameters, i.e., laser fluence and EVA co-polymer concentration in the target, coatings with various morphologies and topographies were produced. The evaluation of the film structure was based on an analysis of optical and atomic force microscopy and profilometry measurements. A detailed chemical structure investigation, conducted based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra, revealed that although the general structure was preserved, some alterations of ethylene (Et) and vinyl acetate (VAc) blocks took place. The most noticeable change was in the ester group that was transformed into ketone and carboxyl groups; nevertheless, some changes in the aliphatic main chain were also present. The chemical structure changes in EVA coatings took place regardless of the process parameters used. The use of chloroform as a solvent to dissolve the EVA copolymer was indicated as a possible reason of the changes as well as the tendency of EVA macromolecules to form clusters. Nevertheless, due to low level of structure alteration, it has been shown that the MAPLE technique can be successfully used to obtain coatings from polymers with more complex structures, which are soluble in a limited number of solvents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T23:51:36Z","timestamp":1635465096000},"page":"11686","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Towards Understanding the Chemical Structure Modification of EVA Copolymer upon MAPLE Processing of Thin Films"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1633-2718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agata","family":"Niemczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 19 Piastow Ave, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Brajnicov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4073-3041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Satulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolanta","family":"Baranowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 19 Piastow Ave, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0603-4864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogdana","family":"Mitu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Dinescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2614(01)01423-3","article-title":"Vapor deposition of polystyrene thin films by intense laser vibrational excitation","volume":"352","author":"Bubb","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2005.07.159","article-title":"Functionalized polysiloxane thin films deposited by matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation for advanced chemical sensor applications","volume":"252","author":"Houser","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2013.11.031","article-title":"MAPLE deposition of nanomaterials","volume":"302","author":"Caricato","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103113","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2740340","article-title":"On the role of chemical reactions in initiating ultraviolet laser ablation in poly(methyl methacrylate)","volume":"101","author":"Prasad","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5739","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1362405","article-title":"Laser-based processing of polymer nanocomposites for chemical sensing applications","volume":"89","author":"Bubb","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-096701-1.00208-1","article-title":"Synthetic Polymer Adhesives","volume":"7","author":"Fabris","year":"1989","journal-title":"Compr. Polym. Sci. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2017.06.039","article-title":"The causes and effects of degradation of encapsulant ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) in crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules: A review","volume":"81","author":"Cardoso","year":"2018","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2017.08.004","article-title":"Applications of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA) in drug delivery systems","volume":"262","author":"Schneider","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Control Release"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2011.06.070","article-title":"Combined XPS and contact angle studies of ethylene vinyl acetate and polyvinyl acetate blends","volume":"257","author":"Ucar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0032-3861(96)81598-9","article-title":"Electron beam initiated modification of ethylene vinyl acetate using trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate","volume":"37","author":"Datta","year":"1996","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0141-3910(95)00125-6","article-title":"Thermal degradation studies of electron beam cured ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer","volume":"50","author":"Dutta","year":"1995","journal-title":"Polym. Degrad. Stab."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niemczyk, A., Moszy\u0144ski, D., J\u0119drzejewski, R., Kwiatkowski, K., Piwowarczyk, J., and Baranowska, J. (2019). Chemical Structure of EVA Films Obtained by Pulsed Electron Beam and Pulse Laser Ablation. Polymers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym11091419"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15761\/FNN.1000146","article-title":"Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) technique for deposition of hybrid nanostructures","volume":"3","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Nanosci. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"074914","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2783898","article-title":"Molecular dynamics simulation study of the ejection and transport of polymer molecules in matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation","volume":"102","author":"Leveugle","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piqu\u00e9, A. (2006). Deposition of polymers and biomaterials using the matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) process. Pulsed Laser Deposition of Thin Films, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470052129.ch3"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1427138","article-title":"The effect of the matrix on film properties in matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation","volume":"91","author":"Bubb","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2007.07.181","article-title":"Surface morphology of thin lysozyme films produced by matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE)","volume":"254","author":"Purice","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1636522","article-title":"Matrix-assisted laser deposition of a sorbent oligomer using an infrared laser","volume":"95","author":"Bubb","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uddin, A., Upama, M., Yi, H., and Duan, L. (2019). Encapsulation of Organic and Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review. Coatings, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings9020065"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morse, D., Steiner, R.M., and Fernandez, J. (1985). Guide to Prosthetic Cardiac Valves, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-5096-8"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3919445","article-title":"Inhibition of calcification of bioprosthetic heart valves by local controlled-release diphosphonate","volume":"228","author":"Levy","year":"1985","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2007.01.057","article-title":"Computational and experimental study of the cluster size distribution in MAPLE","volume":"253","author":"Leveugle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/s00339-004-2994-2","article-title":"Pulsed laser deposition vs. matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation for growth of biodegradable polymer thin films","volume":"81","author":"Mercado","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. A"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1002\/app.35189","article-title":"Combined XPS and contact angle studies of flat and rough ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer films","volume":"124","author":"Doganci","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rose, O.L., Bonciu, A., Marascu, V., Matei, A., Liu, Q., Rusen, L., Dinca, V., and Dinu, C.Z. (2021). Thin films of metal-organic framework interfaces obtained by laser evaporation. Nanomaterials, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11061367"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"064023","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2393231","article-title":"Statistical comparison of Fourier transform infrared spectra","volume":"11","author":"Spencer","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/22\/21\/11686\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:22:06Z","timestamp":1760167326000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/22\/21\/11686"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms222111686"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms222111686","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]]}}}