{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T19:49:20Z","timestamp":1768592960506,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,31]],"date-time":"2021-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GINOP-2.3.4-15-2016-00004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GINOP-2.3.4-15-2016-00004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cellulose grains were carbonized and applied as catalyst supports for nickel- and magnetite-promoted bimetallic palladium- and platinum-containing catalysts. The bimetallic spherical aggregates of Pd and Pt particles were created to enhance the synergistic effect among the precious metals during catalytic processes. As a first step, the cellulose bead-based supports were impregnated by nitrate salts of nickel and iron and carbonized at 973 K. After this step, the nickel was in an elemental state, while the iron was in a magnetite form in the corresponding supports. Then, Pd and Pt particles were deposited onto the supports and the catalyst surface; precious metal nanoparticles (10\u201320 nm) were clustered inside spherical aggregated particles 500\u2013600 nm in size. The final bimetallic catalysts (i.e., Pd\u2013Pt\/CCB, Pd\u2013Pt\/Ni\u2013CCB, and Pd\u2013Pt\/Fe3O4\u2013CCB) were tested in hydrogenation of chlorate ions in the aqueous phase. For the nickel-promoted Pd\u2013Pt catalyst, a &gt;99% chlorate conversion was reached after 45 min at 80 \u00b0C. In contrast, the magnetite-promoted sample reached an 84.6% chlorate conversion after 3 h. Reuse tests were also carried out with the catalysts, and in the case of Pd\u2013Pt\/Ni\u2013CCB after five cycles, the catalytic activity only decreased by ~7% which proves the stability of the system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T22:21:34Z","timestamp":1635805294000},"page":"11846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Development of Nickel- and Magnetite-Promoted Carbonized Cellulose Bead-Supported Bimetallic Pd\u2013Pt Catalysts for Hydrogenation of Chlorate Ions in Aqueous Solution"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Em\u0151ke","family":"Sikora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemv\u00e1ros, Hungary"},{"name":"Higher Education Industry Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemv\u00e1ros, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D\u00e1niel","family":"Koncz-Horv\u00e1th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Higher Education Industry Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemv\u00e1ros, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00e1bor","family":"Mur\u00e1nszky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemv\u00e1ros, Hungary"},{"name":"Higher Education Industry Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemv\u00e1ros, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0075-5994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferenc","family":"Krist\u00e1ly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mineralogy and Geology, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemv\u00e1ros, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0603-4626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00e9la","family":"Fiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemv\u00e1ros, Hungary"},{"name":"Higher Education Industry Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemv\u00e1ros, Hungary"},{"name":"Ferenc R\u00e1k\u00f3czi II, Transcarpathian Hungarian College of Higher Education, 90200 Beregsz\u00e1sz, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0777-9569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00e9la","family":"Viskolcz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemv\u00e1ros, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"Vanyorek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemv\u00e1ros, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8201","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.0c02242","article-title":"Catalytic reduction of aqueous chlorate with MoOx immobilized on Pd\/C","volume":"10","author":"Ren","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"WHO (2005). 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