{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:47:48Z","timestamp":1787028468716,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,7]],"date-time":"2021-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002811","name":"Cathay General Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["109-CGH-FJU-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["109-CGH-FJU-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002811","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology in Taiwan","award":["MOST110-2320-B-030-004-MY"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST110-2320-B-030-004-MY"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in the elderly. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is the major pathologic feature of neovascular AMD. Oxidative damages and the ensuing chronic inflammation are representative of trigger events. Hydrogen gas (H2) has been demonstrated as an antioxidant and plays a role in the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation. This experiment aimed to investigate the influence of H2 inhalation on a mouse model of CNV. Methods: Laser was used to induce CNV formation. C57BL\/6J mice were divided into five groups: the control group; the laser-only group; and the 2 h, 5 h, and 2.5 h\/2.5 h groups that received laser and H2 inhalation (21% oxygen, 42% hydrogen, and 37% nitrogen mixture) for 2 h, 5 h, and 2.5 h twice every day, respectively. Results: The severity of CNV leakage on fluorescence angiography showed a significant decrease in the H2 inhalation groups. The mRNA expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha and its immediate downstream target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) showed significant elevation after laser, and this elevation was suppressed in the H2 inhalation groups in an inhalation period length-related manner. The mRNA expression of cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha and interlukin-6, also represented similar results. Conclusion: H2 inhalation could alleviate CNV leakage in a laser-induced mouse CNV model, and the potential mechanism might be related to the suppression of the inflammatory process and VEGF-driven CNV formation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222112049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,7]],"date-time":"2021-11-07T20:41:14Z","timestamp":1636317674000},"page":"12049","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Hydrogen Gas Inhalation and Its Influence on Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization in a Mouse Model of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9554-1114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I-Chia","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"},{"name":"Ph.D. Program in Nutrition and Food Science, Fu Jen University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Chin","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Center, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Jou","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Ru","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Hsiang","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xv-Hui","family":"Zong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsung Cho Chang Laboratory, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Chen","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Der-Chen","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics and Department of Computer Science, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3478-5451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chi-Feng","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp2102061","article-title":"Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"385","author":"Apte","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. 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