{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T01:14:46Z","timestamp":1774574086300,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We previously reported that conjugates of antimicrobial peptide fragment analogues and poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) enhance antimicrobial activity and that the conjugated micelle structure is an effective tool for antimicrobial drug delivery. In recent years, the delivery of antimicrobial peptides to targets for antimicrobial activity has attracted attention. In this study, we targeted Candida albicans, a causative organism of catheter-related bloodstream infections, which is refractory to antimicrobial agents and is currently a problem in medical practice. We evaluated the antifungal activity of CKR12 (a mutant fragment of the human cathelicidin peptide, LL-37)-PLGA-miconazole (MCZ) micelles using nanotechnology with MCZ delivery. The prepared CKR12-PLGA-MCZ micelles were characterised by measuring dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, dilution stability, and drug release. CKR12-PLGA-MCZ micelles showed higher antifungal activity than CKR12-PLGA micelles and MCZ solution. Furthermore, scanning and transmission electron microscopy suggested that CKR12-PLGA-MCZ micelles disrupted both cell wall and cell membrane of C. albicans. Our results revealed a synergistic effect of antifungal activity using a combination of antimicrobial peptide fragment analogues and MCZ, and that MCZ is a promising tool for the delivery to target microorganisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222112056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T08:05:16Z","timestamp":1636358716000},"page":"12056","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Targeted Delivery of Miconazole Employing LL37 Fragment Mutant Peptide CKR12-Poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic) Acid Polymeric Micelles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Mori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women\u2019s University, 11-68 Koshien 9-Bancho, Nishinomiya City 663-8179, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miyako","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women\u2019s University, 11-68 Koshien 9-Bancho, Nishinomiya City 663-8179, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mai","family":"Hazekawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunological and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-Ku, Fukuoka City 814-0180, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Ishibashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunological and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-Ku, Fukuoka City 814-0180, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiro","family":"Hatanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 1-6-50 Morinomiya, Joto-ku, Osaka City 536-8553, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4348-620X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rie","family":"Kakehashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 1-6-50 Morinomiya, Joto-ku, Osaka City 536-8553, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Nakagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 1-6-50 Morinomiya, Joto-ku, Osaka City 536-8553, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshihiro","family":"Nagao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 1-6-50 Morinomiya, Joto-ku, Osaka City 536-8553, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miki","family":"Yoshii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 1-6-50 Morinomiya, Joto-ku, Osaka City 536-8553, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Honami","family":"Kojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women\u2019s University, 11-68 Koshien 9-Bancho, Nishinomiya City 663-8179, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rio","family":"Uno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women\u2019s University, 11-68 Koshien 9-Bancho, Nishinomiya City 663-8179, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Uchida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women\u2019s University, 11-68 Koshien 9-Bancho, Nishinomiya City 663-8179, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00326","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of antimicrobial peptides to better predict efficacy","volume":"10","author":"Mercer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. 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