{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T04:48:56Z","timestamp":1790052536015,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Beijing Municipal Science Foundatio","award":["6172017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6172017"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering","award":["XM2004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XM2004"]}]},{"name":"China Agricultural Research System program","award":["CARS-40-K08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-40-K08"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ochratoxin A (OTA) is toxic to animals and threatens food safety through residues in animal tissues. A novel degrading strain Bacillus subtilis ANSB168 was isolated and further investigated. We cloned d-alanyl-d-alanine carboxypeptidase DacA and DacB from ANSB168 and over-expressed them in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3). Then, we characterized the OTA degradation mechanism of DacA and DacB, which was degrading OTA into OT\u03b1. A total of 45 laying hens were divided into three equal groups. The control group was fed basal feed, and other groups were administered with OTA (250 \u03bcg\/kg of feed). A freeze-dried culture powder of ANSB168 (3 \u00d7 107 CFU\/g, 2 kg\/T of feed) was added to one of the OTA-fed groups for 28 days from day one of the experiment. We found that OTA significantly damaged the kidney and liver, inducing inflammation and activating the humoral immune system, causing oxidative stress in the layers. The ANSB168 bioproduct was able to alleviate OTA-induced kidney and liver damage, relieving OTA-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. Overall, DacA and DacB derived from ANSB168 degraded OTA into OT\u03b1, while the ANSB168 bioproduct was able to alleviate damages induced by OTA in laying hens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222112059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]],"date-time":"2021-11-08T08:05:16Z","timestamp":1636358716000},"page":"12059","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Bacillus subtilis ANSB168 Producing d-alanyl-d-alanine Carboxypeptidase Could Alleviate the Immune Injury and Inflammation Induced by Ochratoxin A"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Hanrui","family":"Qing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueting","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shimeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianyun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7260-3765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiugang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing 100094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1038\/2051112a0","article-title":"Ochratoxin A, a Toxic Metabolite produced by Aspergillus ochraceus Wilh","volume":"205","author":"Steyn","year":"1965","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2650","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.60.7.2650-2652.1994","article-title":"Ochratoxin A production by strains of Aspergillus niger var. niger","volume":"60","author":"Abarca","year":"1994","journal-title":"Appl. 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