{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T15:19:04Z","timestamp":1776352744717,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]],"date-time":"2021-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2019-104084GB-C22\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-104084GB-C22\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Instituto Carlos III","award":["PI18\/01197"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/01197"]}]},{"name":"Regional Government of Andalusia","award":["PI-0193-2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI-0193-2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the considerable progress in strategies of myocardial protection, ischemic heart diseases (IHD) and consequent heart failure (HF) remain the main cause of mortality worldwide. Several procedures are used routinely to guarantee the prompt and successful reestablishment of blood flow to preserve the myocardial viability of infarcted hearts from ischemia injuries. However, ischemic heart reperfusion\/revascularization triggers additional damages that occur when oxygen-rich blood re-enters the vulnerable myocardial tissue, which is a phenomenon known as ischemia and reperfusion (I\/R) syndrome. Complications of I\/R injuries provoke the adverse cardiac remodeling, involving inflammation, mishandling of Ca2+ homeostasis, apoptotic genes activation, cardiac myocytes loss, etc., which often progress toward HF. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new cardioprotective therapies for IHD and HF. Compelling evidence from animal studies and pilot clinical trials in HF patients suggest that urocortin (Ucn) isoforms, which are peptides associated with stress and belonging to the corticotropin releasing factor family, have promising potential to improve cardiovascular functions by targeting many signaling pathways at different molecular levels. This review highlights the current knowledge on the role of urocortin isoforms in cardioprotection, focusing on its acute and long-term effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222212115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]],"date-time":"2021-11-09T12:46:23Z","timestamp":1636461983000},"page":"12115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Urocortin Role in Ischemia Cardioprotection and the Adverse Cardiac Remodeling"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9599-3513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva M.","family":"Calder\u00f3n-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital of Virgen del Roc\u00edo\/University of Seville\/CSIC, 41013 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D\u00e9bora","family":"Falc\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital of Virgen del Roc\u00edo\/University of Seville\/CSIC, 41013 Seville, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9472-2666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Mart\u00edn-B\u00f3rnez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital of Virgen del Roc\u00edo\/University of Seville\/CSIC, 41013 Seville, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4344-8660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Ordo\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital of Virgen del Roc\u00edo\/University of Seville\/CSIC, 41013 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1877-7438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarik","family":"Smani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University Hospital of Virgen del Roc\u00edo\/University of Seville\/CSIC, 41013 Seville, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32520-5","article-title":"Temporal trends and patterns in heart failure incidence: A population-based study of 4 million individuals","volume":"391","author":"Conrad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c160006","article-title":"Ischemia\/Reperfusion","volume":"7","author":"Kalogeris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Compr. 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