{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:02:11Z","timestamp":1787162531107,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]],"date-time":"2021-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency is associated with poor mental health and dysmetabolism. Several metabolic abnormalities are associated with psychotic diseases, which can be compounded by atypical antipsychotics that induce weight gain and insulin resistance. These side-effects may be affected by vitamin D levels. The gut microbiota and endocannabinoidome (eCBome) are significant regulators of both metabolism and mental health, but their role in the development of atypical antipsychotic drug metabolic side-effects and their interaction with vitamin D status is unknown. We studied the effects of different combinations of vitamin D levels and atypical antipsychotic drug (olanzapine) exposure on whole-body metabolism and the eCBome-gut microbiota axis in female C57BL\/6J mice under a high fat\/high sucrose (HFHS) diet in an attempt to identify a link between the latter and the different metabolic outputs induced by the treatments. Olanzapine exerted a protective effect against diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance, largely independent of dietary vitamin D status. These changes were concomitant with olanzapine-mediated decreases in Trpv1 expression and increases in the levels of its agonists, including various N-acylethanolamines and 2-monoacylglycerols, which are consistent with the observed improvement in adiposity and metabolic status. Furthermore, while global gut bacteria community architecture was not altered by olanzapine, we identified changes in the relative abundances of various commensal bacterial families. Taken together, changes of eCBome and gut microbiota families under our experimental conditions might contribute to olanzapine and vitamin D-mediated inhibition of weight gain in mice on a HFHS diet.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222212361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]],"date-time":"2021-11-16T11:32:03Z","timestamp":1637062323000},"page":"12361","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Assessment of the Effects of Dietary Vitamin D Levels on Olanzapine-Induced Metabolic Side Effects: Focus on the Endocannabinoidome-Gut Microbiome Axis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0732-2996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armita","family":"Abolghasemi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche, l\u2019Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec (CRIUCPQ), Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de M\u00e9decine, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Joint International Unit between the National Research Council (CNR) of Italy and Universit\u00e9 Laval on Chemical and Biomolecular Research on the Microbiome and Its Impact on Metabolic Health and Nutrition (UMI-MicroMeNu), Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Manca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche, l\u2019Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec (CRIUCPQ), Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de M\u00e9decine, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Joint International Unit between the National Research Council (CNR) of Italy and Universit\u00e9 Laval on Chemical and Biomolecular Research on the Microbiome and Its Impact on Metabolic Health and Nutrition (UMI-MicroMeNu), Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4480-8370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio A.","family":"Iannotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint International Unit between the National Research Council (CNR) of Italy and Universit\u00e9 Laval on Chemical and Biomolecular Research on the Microbiome and Its Impact on Metabolic Health and Nutrition (UMI-MicroMeNu), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Council of Research (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche), 80087 Pozzuoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche, l\u2019Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec (CRIUCPQ), Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de M\u00e9decine, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadine","family":"Leblanc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche, l\u2019Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec (CRIUCPQ), Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada"},{"name":"Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Lacroix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche, l\u2019Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec (CRIUCPQ), Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada"},{"name":"Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyril","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche, l\u2019Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec (CRIUCPQ), Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5944-7200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Flamand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche, l\u2019Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec (CRIUCPQ), Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de M\u00e9decine, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Di Marzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche, l\u2019Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec (CRIUCPQ), Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de M\u00e9decine, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Joint International Unit between the National Research Council (CNR) of Italy and Universit\u00e9 Laval on Chemical and Biomolecular Research on the Microbiome and Its Impact on Metabolic Health and Nutrition (UMI-MicroMeNu), Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Joint International Unit between the National Research Council (CNR) of Italy and Universit\u00e9 Laval on Chemical and Biomolecular Research on the Microbiome and Its Impact on Metabolic Health and Nutrition (UMI-MicroMeNu), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Council of Research (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche), 80087 Pozzuoli, Italy"},{"name":"Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"},{"name":"\u00c9cole de Nutrition, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences de L\u2019agriculture et de L\u2019alimentation (FSAA), Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Centre Nutrition, Sant\u00e9 et Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 (NUTRISS), Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5635-1545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristoforo","family":"Silvestri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche, l\u2019Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec (CRIUCPQ), Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de M\u00e9decine, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Joint International Unit between the National Research Council (CNR) of Italy and Universit\u00e9 Laval on Chemical and Biomolecular Research on the Microbiome and Its Impact on Metabolic Health and Nutrition (UMI-MicroMeNu), Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"},{"name":"Centre Nutrition, Sant\u00e9 et Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 (NUTRISS), Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d1126","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d1126","article-title":"Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs","volume":"342","author":"Mackin","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1176\/foc.2.1.48","article-title":"Atypical Antipsychotics: Mechanism of Action","volume":"2","author":"Seeman","year":"2004","journal-title":"FOC"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2000.2.3\/ctamminga","article-title":"Treatment Mechanisms: Traditional and New Antipsychotic Drugs","volume":"2","author":"Tamminga","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4002066","article-title":"Atypical Antipsychotic-Induced Metabolic Side Effects: Insights from Receptor-Binding Profiles","volume":"13","author":"Nasrallah","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1159\/000493399","article-title":"Diet and Psychosis: A Scoping Review","volume":"79","author":"Aucoin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e309","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2013.83","article-title":"Antipsychotics and the Gut Microbiome: Olanzapine-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction Is Attenuated by Antibiotic Administration in the Rat","volume":"3","author":"Davey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morgan, A.P., Crowley, J.J., Nonneman, R.J., Quackenbush, C.R., Miller, C.N., Ryan, A.K., Bogue, M.A., Paredes, S.H., Yourstone, S., and Carroll, I.M. (2014). The Antipsychotic Olanzapine Interacts with the Gut Microbiome to Cause Weight Gain in Mouse. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115225"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.04.028","article-title":"Vitamin D Deficiency Exacerbates Atypical Antipsychotic-Induced Metabolic Side Effects in Rats: Involvement of the INSIG\/SREBP Pathway","volume":"25","author":"Dang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.4.1080S","article-title":"Vitamin D Deficiency: A Worldwide Problem with Health Consequences","volume":"87","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0385","article-title":"Evaluation, Treatment, and Prevention of Vitamin D Deficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline","volume":"96","author":"Holick","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vrani\u0107, L., Mikola\u0161evi\u0107, I., and Mili\u0107, S. (2019). Vitamin D Deficiency: Consequence or Cause of Obesity?. Medicina, 55.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55090541"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00103","article-title":"Vitamin D Insufficiency in Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents","volume":"10","author":"Zakharova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gracious, B.L., Finucane, T.L., Friedman-Campbell, M., Messing, S., and Parkhurst, M.N. (2012). Vitamin D Deficiency and Psychotic Features in Mentally Ill Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study. BMC Psychiatry, 12.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-12-38"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00167","article-title":"Prevalence and Correlates of Vitamin D Deficiency in a Sample of 290 Inpatients With Mental Illness","volume":"10","author":"Cuomo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125314553612","article-title":"Correlation between Total Vitamin D Levels and Psychotic Psychopathology in Patients with Schizophrenia: Therapeutic Implications for Add-on Vitamin D Augmentation","volume":"4","author":"Altunsoy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghaderi, A., Banafshe, H.R., Mirhosseini, N., Moradi, M., Karimi, M.-A., Mehrzad, F., Bahmani, F., and Asemi, Z. (2019). Clinical and Metabolic Response to Vitamin D plus Probiotic in Schizophrenia Patients. BMC Psychiatry, 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-019-2059-x"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2494","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02494","article-title":"Altered Gut Microbiota and Compositional Changes in Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in Mexican Undernourished and Obese Children","volume":"9","author":"Menjivar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16079","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i43.16079","article-title":"Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Festi","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00498","article-title":"Vitamin D Signaling through Induction of Paneth Cell Defensins Maintains Gut Microbiota and Improves Metabolic Disorders and Hepatic Steatosis in Animal Models","volume":"7","author":"Su","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Robles-Vera, I., Callejo, M., Ramos, R., Duarte, J., and Perez-Vizcaino, F. (2019). Impact of Vitamin D Deficit on the Rat Gut Microbiome. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112564"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-015-0966-2","article-title":"Effects of High Doses of Vitamin D3 on Mucosa-Associated Gut Microbiome Vary between Regions of the Human Gastrointestinal Tract","volume":"55","author":"Bashir","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2012.08.005","article-title":"Bacteria as Vitamin Suppliers to Their Host: A Gut Microbiota Perspective","volume":"24","author":"LeBlanc","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12309","DOI":"10.1111\/spc3.12309","article-title":"A Psychology of the Human Brain\u2013Gut\u2013Microbiome Axis","volume":"11","author":"Allen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc. Personal. Psychol. Compass"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14095","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14095","article-title":"Of Bowels, Brain and Behavior: A Role for the Gut Microbiota in Psychiatric Comorbidities in Irritable Bowel Syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Wilmes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2020.22.3\/vdimarzo","article-title":"The Endocannabinoidome as a Substrate for Noneuphoric Phytocannabinoid Action and Gut Microbiome Dysfunction in Neuropsychiatric Disorders","volume":"22","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2008.01683.x","article-title":"Dysregulation of the Endocannabinoid System in Obesity","volume":"20","author":"Engeli","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2015.211","article-title":"Endocannabinoids\u2014At the Crossroads between the Gut Microbiota and Host Metabolism","volume":"12","author":"Cani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.09.003","article-title":"Palmitoylethanolamide Counteracts Autistic-like Behaviours in BTBR T+tf\/J Mice: Contribution of Central and Peripheral Mechanisms","volume":"74","author":"Cristiano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2017.09.001","article-title":"Antibiotic-Induced Microbiota Perturbation Causes Gut Endocannabinoidome Changes, Hippocampal Neuroglial Reorganization and Depression in Mice","volume":"67","author":"Guida","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dione, N., Lacroix, S., Taschler, U., Desch\u00eanes, T., Abolghasemi, A., Leblanc, N., Di Marzo, V., and Silvestri, C. (2020). Mgll Knockout Mouse Resistance to Diet-Induced Dysmetabolism Is Associated with Altered Gut Microbiota. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9122705"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R83","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-20-0444","article-title":"The Gut Microbiome, Endocannabinoids and Metabolic Disorders","volume":"248","author":"Iannotti","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P70","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.RA119000424","article-title":"Germ-Free Mice Exhibit Profound Gut Microbiota-Dependent Alterations of Intestinal Endocannabinoidome Signaling","volume":"61","author":"Manca","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1038\/msb.2010.46","article-title":"The Endocannabinoid System Links Gut Microbiota to Adipogenesis","volume":"6","author":"Muccioli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Syst. Biol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9066","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1219451110","article-title":"Cross-Talk between Akkermansia Muciniphila and Intestinal Epithelium Controls Diet-Induced Obesity","volume":"110","author":"Everard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Depommier, C., Vitale, R.M., Iannotti, F.A., Silvestri, C., Flamand, N., Druart, C., Everard, A., Pelicaen, R., Maiter, D., and Thissen, J.-P. (2021). Beneficial Effects of Akkermansia Muciniphila Are Not Associated with Major Changes in the Circulating Endocannabinoidome but Linked to Higher Mono-Palmitoyl-Glycerol Levels as New PPAR\u03b1 Agonists. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10010185"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benetti, E., Mastrocola, R., Chiazza, F., Nigro, D., D\u2019Antona, G., Bordano, V., Fantozzi, R., Aragno, M., Collino, M., and Minetto, M.A. (2018). Effects of Vitamin D on Insulin Resistance and Myosteatosis in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189707"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2007.05.009","article-title":"Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated with the Metabolic Syndrome in Morbid Obesity","volume":"26","author":"Villafruela","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.08.031","article-title":"Low Vitamin D Levels Predict Clinical Features of Schizophrenia","volume":"159","author":"Cieslak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-11-78","article-title":"A 12-Week Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial of Vitamin D\u2083 Supplementation on Body Fat Mass in Healthy Overweight and Obese Women","volume":"11","author":"Salehpour","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr. J."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.15171\/jpd.2018.07","article-title":"Therapeutic Impact of Cholecalciferol in Patients with Psychiatric Disorders Receiving Olanzapine","volume":"6","author":"Kaviyani","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Parathyr. Dis."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.11.027","article-title":"Vitamin D Supplementation in Chronic Schizophrenia Patients Treated with Clozapine: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial","volume":"26","author":"Krivoy","year":"2017","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199753020-00007","article-title":"Olanzapine","volume":"53","author":"Fulton","year":"1997","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2010.04.024","article-title":"A Parametric Study of the Acute Effects of Antipsychotic Drugs on Glucose Sensitivity in an Animal Model","volume":"34","author":"Boyda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031228","article-title":"Antipsychotic Polypharmacy Increases Metabolic Dysregulation in Female Rats","volume":"21","author":"Boyda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Clin. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"429291","article-title":"Long-Term Risperidone Treatment Induces Visceral Adiposity Associated with Hepatic Steatosis in Mice: A Magnetic Resonance Approach","volume":"2014","author":"Auger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res. Treat."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"495","article-title":"Long-Term Administration of Olanzapine Induces Adiposity and Increases Hepatic Fatty Acid Desaturation Protein in Female C57BL\/6J Mice","volume":"21","author":"Hou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran J. Basic Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2555-2","article-title":"Gender-Dependent Consequences of Chronic Olanzapine in the Rat: Effects on Body Weight, Inflammatory, Metabolic and Microbiota Parameters","volume":"221","author":"Davey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2017.03.010","article-title":"Metabolic Side Effects Induced by Olanzapine Treatment Are Neutralized by CB1 Receptor Antagonist Compounds Co-Administration in Female Rats","volume":"27","author":"Lazzari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103307","article-title":"The Gut Microbiome Influences the Bioavailability of Olanzapine in Rats","volume":"66","author":"Cussotto","year":"2021","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R173","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-16-0449","article-title":"A Causal Role for Hyperinsulinemia in Obesity","volume":"232","author":"Templeman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.004","article-title":"Obesity Exacerbates the Acute Metabolic Side Effects of Olanzapine","volume":"88","author":"Townsend","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0368-5","article-title":"Chronic Administration of Olanzapine Induces Metabolic and Food Intake Alterations: A Mouse Model of the Atypical Antipsychotic-Associated Adverse Effects","volume":"186","author":"Coccurello","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2009.291","article-title":"Protection from Olanzapine-Induced Metabolic Toxicity in Mice by Acetaminophen and Tetrahydroindenoindole","volume":"34","author":"Shertzer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803533","article-title":"No Effect of Dietary Fat on Short-Term Weight Gain in Mice Treated with Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs","volume":"31","author":"Cope","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"241","article-title":"Olanzapine Effects on Body Composition, Food Preference, Glucose Metabolism and Insulin Sensitivity in the Rat","volume":"117","author":"Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Metab. Dis."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08m04446yel","article-title":"Effects of Olanzapine and Risperidone on Glucose Metabolism and Insulin Sensitivity in Chronic Schizophrenic Patients with Long-Term Antipsychotic Treatment: A Randomized 5-Month Study","volume":"70","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881107082287","article-title":"Investigation into the Influence of a High Fat Diet on Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain in Female Rats","volume":"22","author":"Fell","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Marzo, V., and Silvestri, C. (2019). Lifestyle and Metabolic Syndrome: Contribution of the Endocannabinoidome. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11081956"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horn, H., B\u00f6hme, B., Dietrich, L., and Koch, M. (2018). Endocannabinoids in Body Weight Control. Pharmaceuticals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph11020055"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1038\/35071088","article-title":"Leptin-Regulated Endocannabinoids Are Involved in Maintaining Food Intake","volume":"410","author":"Goparaju","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.7.761","article-title":"RIO-North America Study Group, for the Effect of Rimonabant, a Cannabinoid-1 Receptor Blocker, on Weight and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Overweight or Obese PatientsRIO-North America: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"295","author":"Aronne","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.118.252296","article-title":"Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibition in Human and Rodent Systems Supports Clinical Evaluation of Endocannabinoid Modulators","volume":"367","author":"Clapper","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hofer, P., Taschler, U., Schreiber, R., Kotzbeck, P., and Schoiswohl, G. (2020). The Lipolysome\u2014A Highly Complex and Dynamic Protein Network Orchestrating Cytoplasmic Triacylglycerol Degradation. Metabolites, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo10040147"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803271","article-title":"Endogenous Cannabinoids in the Brain and Peripheral Tissues: Regulation of Their Levels and Control of Food Intake","volume":"30","author":"Matias","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2017.06.005","article-title":"Oral Haloperidol or Olanzapine Intake Produces Distinct and Region-Specific Increase in Cannabinoid Receptor Levels That Is Prevented by High Fat Diet","volume":"79","author":"Delis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s11745-008-3182-5","article-title":"Monoacylglycerols Activate Capsaicin Receptor, TRPV1","volume":"43","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zygmunt, P.M., Ermund, A., Movahed, P., Andersson, D.A., Simonsen, C., J\u00f6nsson, B.A.G., Blomgren, A., Birnir, B., Bevan, S., and Eschalier, A. (2013). Monoacylglycerols Activate TRPV1\u2013A Link between Phospholipase C and TRPV1. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081618"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2009.301","article-title":"Dietary Capsaicin Reduces Obesity-Induced Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Steatosis in Obese Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet","volume":"18","author":"Kang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.100850","article-title":"TRPV1 Agonist Monoacylglycerol Increases UCP1 Content in Brown Adipose Tissue and Suppresses Accumulation of Visceral Fat in Mice Fed a High-Fat and High-Sucrose Diet","volume":"75","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2008.05.021","article-title":"TRPV1-Null Mice Are Protected from Diet-Induced Obesity","volume":"582","author":"Motter","year":"2008","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0845-5","article-title":"Anti-Inflammatory Effects of N-Acylethanolamines in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Cells Are Mediated by TRPV1 and TRPA1 in a COX-2 Dependent Manner","volume":"17","author":"Lowin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12029","article-title":"Activation and Desensitization of TRPV1 Channels in Sensory Neurons by the PPAR\u03b1 Agonist Palmitoylethanolamide","volume":"168","author":"Ambrosino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6495","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7495","article-title":"Adipose Tissue NAPE-PLD Controls Fat Mass Development by Altering the Browning Process and Gut Microbiota","volume":"6","author":"Geurts","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2013-0211OC","article-title":"Vitamin D Modulates Prostaglandin E2 Synthesis and Degradation in Human Lung Fibroblasts","volume":"50","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(92)90456-7","article-title":"Regulation of Prostaglandin E2 Production by Vitamin D Metabolites in Growth Zone and Resting Zone Chondrocyte Cultures Is Dependent on Cell Maturation","volume":"13","author":"Schwartz","year":"1992","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2011.07410.x","article-title":"Chronic Olanzapine Treatment Decreases Arachidonic Acid Turnover and Prostaglandin E2 Concentration in Rat Brain","volume":"119","author":"Cheon","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_77","first-page":"40","article-title":"Effects of Olanzapine on LPS-Induced Inflammation in Rat Primary Glia Cells","volume":"22","author":"Azab","year":"2015","journal-title":"Innate Immun."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2014.09.003","article-title":"The \u03a96-Fatty Acid, Arachidonic Acid, Regulates the Conversion of White to Brite Adipocyte through a Prostaglandin\/Calcium Mediated Pathway","volume":"3","author":"Pisani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28230","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.468603","article-title":"Coordinate Functional Regulation between Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase-1 (MPGES-1) and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor \u03b3 (PPAR\u03b3) in the Conversion of White-to-Brown Adipocytes","volume":"288","author":"Titos","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Alonso, V., Titos, E., Alcaraz-Quiles, J., Rius, B., Lopategi, A., L\u00f3pez-Vicario, C., Jakobsson, P.-J., Delgado, S., Lozano, J., and Cl\u00e0ria, J. (2016). Prostaglandin E2 Exerts Multiple Regulatory Actions on Human Obese Adipose Tissue Remodeling, Inflammation, Adaptive Thermogenesis and Lipolysis. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153751"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M066530","article-title":"Major Role of Adipocyte Prostaglandin E2 in Lipolysis-Induced Macrophage Recruitment","volume":"57","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2006.11.049","article-title":"Endogenous 15-Deoxy-\u039412,14-Prostaglandin J2 Synthesized by Adipocytes during Maturation Phase Contributes to Upregulation of Fat Storage","volume":"580","author":"Mazid","year":"2006","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mariat, D., Firmesse, O., Levenez, F., Guimar\u0103es, V., Sokol, H., Dor\u00e9, J., Corthier, G., and Furet, J.-P. (2009). The Firmicutes\/Bacteroidetes Ratio of the Human Microbiota Changes with Age. BMC Microbiol., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-9-123"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07540","article-title":"A Core Gut Microbiome in Obese and Lean Twins","volume":"457","author":"Turnbaugh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05414","article-title":"An Obesity-Associated Gut Microbiome with Increased Capacity for Energy Harvest","volume":"444","author":"Turnbaugh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.01.007","article-title":"Gut Microbiota Interactions with the Immunomodulatory Role of Vitamin D in Normal Individuals","volume":"69","author":"Luthold","year":"2017","journal-title":"Metab. Clin. Exp."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.113.180794","article-title":"Vitamin D Regulates the Gut Microbiome and Protects Mice from Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis","volume":"143","author":"Ooi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00408","article-title":"The Gut Microbiota Regulates Endocrine Vitamin D Metabolism through Fibroblast Growth Factor 23","volume":"9","author":"Bora","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00297","article-title":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Kang Shuai Lao Pian Improves Obesity, Gut Dysbiosis, and Fecal Metabolic Disorders in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice","volume":"11","author":"Gong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2016.0230","article-title":"Galacto-Oligosaccharides Ameliorate Dysbiotic Bifidobacteriaceae Decline in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"8","author":"Gonai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Benef. Microbes"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2018.03.024","article-title":"Exercise Prevents High Fat Diet-Induced Bone Loss, Marrow Adiposity and Dysbiosis in Male Mice","volume":"118","author":"McCabe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-016-0116-8","article-title":"Prolonged Transfer of Feces from the Lean Mice Modulates Gut Microbiota in Obese Mice","volume":"13","author":"Kulecka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-020-10449-7","article-title":"Alginate Oligosaccharide Improves Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation by Modulating Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet Fed Mice","volume":"104","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1139\/y59-099","article-title":"A Rapid Method of Total Lipid Extraction and Purification","volume":"37","author":"Bligh","year":"1959","journal-title":"Can. J. Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-08051-7","article-title":"Intestinal Epithelial N-Acylphosphatidylethanolamine Phospholipase D Links Dietary Fat to Metabolic Adaptations in Obesity and Steatosis","volume":"10","author":"Everard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D590","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1219","article-title":"The SILVA Ribosomal RNA Gene Database Project: Improved Data Processing and Web-Based Tools","volume":"41","author":"Quast","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2658","article-title":"Differential Abundance Analysis for Microbial Marker-Gene Surveys","volume":"10","author":"Paulson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McMurdie, P.J., and Holmes, S. (2013). Phyloseq: An R Package for Reproducible Interactive Analysis and Graphics of Microbiome Census Data. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061217"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/22\/22\/12361\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:31:07Z","timestamp":1760167867000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/22\/22\/12361"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms222212361"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms222212361","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]]}}}