{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T19:00:07Z","timestamp":1785265207771,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]],"date-time":"2021-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/08684-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/08684-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Throughout evolution, the need for single-celled organisms to associate and form a single cluster of cells has had several evolutionary advantages. In complex, multicellular organisms, each tissue or organ has a specialty and function that make life together possible, and the organism as a whole needs to act in balance and adapt to changes in the environment. Sensory organs are essential for connecting external stimuli into a biological response, through the senses: sight, smell, taste, hearing, and touch. The G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are responsible for many of these senses and therefore play a key role in the perception of the cells\u2019 external environment, enabling interaction and coordinated development between each cell of a multicellular organism. The malaria-causing protozoan parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, has a complex life cycle that is extremely dependent on a finely regulated cellular signaling machinery. In this review, we summarize strong evidence and the main candidates of GPCRs in protozoan parasites. Interestingly, one of these GPCRs is a sensor for K+ shift in Plasmodium falciparum, PfSR25. Studying this family of proteins in P. falciparum could have a significant impact, both on understanding the history of the evolution of GPCRs and on finding new targets for antimalarials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222212381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]],"date-time":"2021-11-17T02:42:28Z","timestamp":1637116948000},"page":"12381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Evidence of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCR) in the Parasitic Protozoa Plasmodium falciparum\u2014Sensing the Host Environment and Coupling within Its Molecular Signaling Toolkit"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Pedro H. S.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas e Toxicol\u00f3gicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo\u2014USP, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celia R. S.","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas e Toxicol\u00f3gicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo\u2014USP, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1038\/35057062","article-title":"Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome","volume":"409","author":"Lander","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1365","article-title":"Genes and ligands for odorant, vomeronasal and taste receptors","volume":"5","author":"Mombaerts","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. 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