{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:41:07Z","timestamp":1787499667352,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]],"date-time":"2021-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2019R1I1A1A01046493"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2019R1I1A1A01046493"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2020R1F1A1060926"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2020R1F1A1060926"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The production and oxidation mechanism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are out of balance in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the correlation between ROS and T cell subsets in RA remains unclear. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with RA (n = 40) and healthy controls (n = 10) were isolated from whole blood samples. Synovial tissues (n = 3) and synovial fluid (n = 10) were obtained from patients with RA. The repartition of T cell subsets and expression of ROS and cytokines were examined according to RA severity. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) from patients with RA were stimulated with PBMCs and the expression of inflammation-related molecules were measured by RT-PCR and cytokine array. Regulatory T cells from patients with moderate (5.1 &gt; DAS28 \u2265 3.2) RA showed the highest expression of mitochondrial ROS among the groups based on disease severity. Although ROS levels steadily increased with RA severity, there was a slight decline in severe RA (DAS28 \u2265 5.1) compared with moderate RA. The expression of inflammatory cytokines in RA FLSs were significantly inhibited when FLSs were co-cultured with PBMCs treated with ROS inhibitor. These findings provide a novel approach to suppress inflammatory response of FLSs through ROS regulation in PBMCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222212411","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]],"date-time":"2021-11-17T21:32:07Z","timestamp":1637184727000},"page":"12411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Reduction of Oxidative Stress in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Attenuates the Inflammatory Response of Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes in Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Ha-Reum","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea"},{"name":"Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4620-8803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Su-Jin","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan Keol","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, 20 Bodeum-7-ro, Sejong 30099, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0076-0822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seong Wook","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea"},{"name":"Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266 Munhwaro, Daejeon 35015, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01661","article-title":"Evolving concepts of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"423","author":"Firestein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00384","article-title":"T Cell Migration in Rheumatoid Arthritis","volume":"6","author":"Mellado","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. 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