{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T21:47:13Z","timestamp":1790286433857,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]],"date-time":"2021-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fumonisins are protein serine\/threonine phosphatase inhibitors and potent inhibitors of sphingosine N-acyltransferase (ceramide synthase) disrupting de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of fumonisins (FB) exposure from the 7th day of pregnancy to parturition on offspring bone development. The rats were randomly allocated to either a control group (n = 6), not treated with FBs, or to one of the two groups intoxicated with FBs (either at 60 mg FB\/kg b.w. or at 90 mg FB\/kg b.w. Numerous negative, offspring sex-dependent effects of maternal FB exposure were observed with regards to the histomorphometry of trabecular bone. These effects were due to FB-inducted alterations in bone metabolism, as indicated by changes in the expression of selected proteins involved in bone development: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8), matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The immunolocalization of MMPs and TIMP-2 was performed in trabecular and compact bone, as well as articular and growth plate cartilages. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the exposure of pregnant dams to FB negatively affected the expression of certain proteins responsible for bone matrix degradation in newborns prenatally exposed to FB in a dose- and sex-dependent manner.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222212528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,21]],"date-time":"2021-11-21T20:58:21Z","timestamp":1637528301000},"page":"12528","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Trabecular Bone Parameters, TIMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-13, VEGF Expression and Immunolocalization in Bone and Cartilage in Newborn Offspring Prenatally Exposed to Fumonisins"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7574-2653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Tomaszewska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4152-560X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Halyna","family":"Rudyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medicinal Products and Feed Additives, Donetska St. 11, 79000 Lviv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1053-0948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izabela","family":"\u015awietlicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5039-009X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Hu\u0142as-Stasiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 19 Akademicka St., 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5072-016X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janine","family":"Donaldson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2553-0908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Arczewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Mielnik-B\u0142aszczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Department of Developmental Dentistry, Medical University of Lublin, 7 Karmelicka St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3643-3524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin Bart\u0142omiej","family":"Arciszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Anatomy and Histology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volodymyr","family":"Kushnir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medicinal Products and Feed Additives, Donetska St. 11, 79000 Lviv, 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