{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:43:35Z","timestamp":1792791815121,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cervical cancer is one of the most common types of carcinomas causing morbidity and mortality in women in all countries of the world. At the moment, the oncology, oncobiology, and oncomorphology of cervical cancer are characterized by the accumulation of new information; various molecular biological, genetic, and immunohistochemical methods of investigation of the mechanisms of cervical carcinogenesis are tested and applied; targeted antitumour drugs and diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers are being searched for. Many issues of the etiopathogenesis of cervical cancer have not been sufficiently studied, and the role of many biomarkers characterizing various stages of cervical carcinogenesis remains unclear. Therefore, the target of this review is to systematize and understand several problems in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer and to evaluate the significance and role of biomarkers in cervical carcinogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222212571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]],"date-time":"2021-11-24T02:46:08Z","timestamp":1637721968000},"page":"12571","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":140,"title":["Cervical Carcinoma: Oncobiology and Biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0938-8577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larisa V.","family":"Volkova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunohistochemistry, Pathology and Clinical Diagnostics, Department of Fundamental Medicine, Medical Institute, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander I.","family":"Pashov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Institute, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadezhda N.","family":"Omelchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Continuing Medical Education, People\u2019s Friendship University, 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Female Genital Tumours (2020). 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