{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:13:37Z","timestamp":1792113217173,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan","award":["26893052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26893052"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mycosis fungoides (MF) and S\u00e9zary syndrome (SS), the most common types of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), are characterized by proliferation of mature CD4+ T-helper cells. Patients with advanced-stage MF and SS have poor prognosis, with 5-year survival rates of 52%. Although a variety of systemic therapies are currently available, there are no curative options for such patients except for stem cell transplantation, and thus the treatment of advanced MF and SS still remains challenging. Therefore, elucidation of the pathophysiology of MF\/SS and development of medical treatments are desired. In this study, we focused on a molecule called OX40. We examined OX40 and OX40L expression and function using clinical samples of MF and SS and CTCL cell lines. OX40 and OX40L were co-expressed on tumor cells of MF and SS. OX40 and OX40L expression was increased and correlated with disease severity markers in MF\/SS patients. Anti-OX40 antibody and anti-OX40L antibody suppressed the proliferation of CTCL cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that OX40\u2013OX40L interactions could contribute to the proliferation of MF\/SS tumor cells and that the disruption of OX40\u2013OX40L interactions could become a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of MF\/SS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222212576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]],"date-time":"2021-11-24T02:46:08Z","timestamp":1637721968000},"page":"12576","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Roles of OX40 and OX40 Ligand in Mycosis Fungoides and S\u00e9zary Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yuki","family":"Kawana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4212-8278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiraku","family":"Suga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Kamijo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1879-3128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomomitsu","family":"Miyagaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1, Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Sugaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, International University of Health and Welfare, 4-3, Kouzunomori, Chiba 286-8686, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinichi","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"3768","article-title":"WHO-EORTC classification for cutaneous lymphomas","volume":"105","author":"Willemze","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood J. 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