{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T10:14:09Z","timestamp":1787825649688,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]],"date-time":"2021-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the 90th Anniversary Chulalongkorn University Fund (Ratchadaphiseksomphot Endowment Fund), Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University","award":["GCUGR1125631037D-37"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GCUGR1125631037D-37"]}]},{"name":"the Ratchadapiseksompotch Fund, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University","award":["RA63\/035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RA63\/035"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays crucial roles in the anterior pituitary gland via the mechanism of cell\u2013ECM interaction. Since bisphenol A (BPA), a well-known endocrine disruptor, can cross through the placenta from mother to fetus and bind with estrogen receptors, cell populations in the neonatal anterior pituitary gland could be the target cells affected by this chemical. The present study treated maternal rats with 5000 \u00b5g\/kg body weight of BPA daily throughout the pregnancy period and then investigated the changes in ECM-producing cells, i.e., pericytes and folliculostellate (FS) cells, including their ECM production in the neonatal anterior pituitary at Day 1. We found that pericytes and their collagen synthesis reduced, consistent with the increase in the number of FS cells that expressed several ECM regulators\u2014matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP) family. The relative MMP9\/TIMP1 ratio was extremely high, indicating that the control of ECM homeostasis was unbalanced. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy showed the unorganized cell cluster in the BPA-treated group. This study revealed that although the mother received BPA at the \u201cno observed adverse effect\u201d level, alterations in ECM-producing cells as well as collagen and the related ECM balancing genes occurred in the neonatal anterior pituitary gland.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222312667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T04:48:37Z","timestamp":1638247717000},"page":"12667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Alteration of Extracellular Matrix Components in the Anterior Pituitary Gland of Neonatal Rats Induced by a Maternal Bisphenol A Diet during Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Bumpenporn","family":"Sanannam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Rd., Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sasikarn","family":"Looprasertkul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Rd., Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Division of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songphon","family":"Kanlayaprasit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nakarin","family":"Kitkumthorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Payathai Rd., Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tewarit","family":"Sarachana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Age-Related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 154 Rama 1 Rd., Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"},{"name":"Systems Neuroscience of Autism and Psychiatric Disorders (SYNAPS) Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9825-2692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Depicha","family":"Jindatip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Rd., Wangmai, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Division of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Tochigi, Japan"},{"name":"Systems Neuroscience of Autism and Psychiatric Disorders (SYNAPS) Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(98)00084-7","article-title":"Bisphenol A interacts with the estrogen receptor alpha in a distinct manner from estradiol","volume":"142","author":"Gould","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. 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