{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T11:15:39Z","timestamp":1785150939028,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]],"date-time":"2021-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"FWF Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W1226"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W1226"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"FWF Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F73"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F73"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are the major cellular drivers of liver fibrosis. Upon liver inflammation caused by a broad range of insults including non-alcoholic fatty liver, HSC transform from a quiescent into a proliferating, fibrotic phenotype. Although much is known about the pathophysiology of this process, exact cellular processes which occur in HSC and enable this transformation remain yet to be elucidated. In order to investigate this HSC transformation, we employed a simple, yet reliable model of HSC activation via an increase in growth medium serum concentration (serum activation). For that purpose, immortalized human LX-2 HSC were exposed to either 1% or 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Resulting quiescent (1% FBS) and activated (10% FBS) LX-2 cells were then subjected to in-depth mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis as well as comprehensive phenotyping. Protein network analysis of activated LX-2 cells revealed an increase in the production of ribosomal proteins and proteins related to cell cycle control and migration, resulting in higher proliferation and faster migration phenotypes. Interestingly, we also observed a decrease in the expression of cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis proteins in accordance with a concomitant loss of cytosolic lipid droplets during activation. Overall, this work provides an update on HSC activation characteristics using contemporary proteomic and bioinformatic analyses and presents an accessible model for HSC activation. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD029121.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222312782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T23:22:28Z","timestamp":1638314548000},"page":"12782","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Proteomic Changes of Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1009-7208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian","family":"Schinagl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universit\u00e4t Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7071-2316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara","family":"Tomin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universit\u00e4t Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6155-5208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juergen","family":"Gindlhuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7201-6293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Honeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Pfleger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universit\u00e4t Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3249-655X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Schittmayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universit\u00e4t Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1275-6425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Trauner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3950-0312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth","family":"Birner-Gruenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Technische Universit\u00e4t Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00372-7","article-title":"Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Liver Fibrosis and Its Regression","volume":"18","author":"Kisseleva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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