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Approaches presenting a prolonged period for therapeutic intervention and new treatment administration routes are promising tools for stroke treatment. Here, we evaluated the potential neuroprotective properties of nasally administered human adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cell (hAT-MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) obtained from healthy individuals who underwent liposuction. After a single intranasal EV (200 \u00b5g\/kg) administered 24 h after a focal permanent ischemic stroke in rats, a higher number of EVs, improvement of the blood\u2013brain barrier, and re-stabilization of vascularization were observed in the recoverable peri-infarct zone, as well as a significant decrease in infarct volume. In addition, EV treatment recovered long-term motor (front paws symmetry) and behavioral impairment (short- and long-term memory and anxiety-like behavior) induced by ischemic stroke. In line with these findings, our work highlights hAT-MSC-derived EVs as a promising therapeutic strategy for stroke.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222312860","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T23:22:28Z","timestamp":1638314548000},"page":"12860","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Functional Recovery Caused by Human Adipose Tissue Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Administered 24 h after Stroke in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9232-7371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francieli","family":"Rohden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul\u2014UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90040-60, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Universit\u00e1ria de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre 90620-101, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciele Varaschini","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul\u2014UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90040-60, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Universit\u00e1ria de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre 90620-101, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7119-1076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Pedro","family":"Bernardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul\u2014UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90040-60, Brazil"},{"name":"Faculty of Biomedicine, Universidade Federal de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade de Porto Alegre\u2014UFCSPA, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2134-9829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamela Cristina Lukasewicz","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul\u2014UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90040-60, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Colombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul\u2014UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90040-60, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geciele Rodrigues","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Research Center, Reproductive and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda dos Santos","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Research Center, Reproductive and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth Obino","family":"Cirne Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Research Center, Reproductive and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2369-7739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1tima Costa Rodrigues","family":"Guma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul\u2014UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90040-60, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diogo Onofre","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul\u2014UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90040-60, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2021, July 04). 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