{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T10:56:12Z","timestamp":1784026572952,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,28]],"date-time":"2021-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638057600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) is a well-established and common treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), particularly in East Asia. However, HAIC is not recognized internationally. Although several trials have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of HAIC, evidence corroborating its overall survival (OS) benefits compared with standard treatments is insufficient. Nevertheless, HAIC may provide prominent benefits in selected patients such as patients with portal vein thrombosis or high intrahepatic tumor burden. Moreover, HAIC has been combined with several therapeutic agents and modalities, including interferon-alpha, multikinase inhibitors, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy, to augment its treatment efficacy. Most of these combinations appeared to increase overall response rates compared with HAIC alone, but results regarding OS are inconclusive. Two prospective randomized controlled trials comparing HAIC plus sorafenib with sorafenib alone have reported conflicting results, necessitating further research. As immunotherapy-based combinations became the mainstream treatments for advanced HCC, HAIC plus immunotherapy-based treatments also showed encouraging preliminary results. The trials of HAIC were heterogeneous in terms of patient selection, chemotherapy regimens and doses, HAIC combination agent selections, and HAIC technical protocols. These heterogeneities may contribute to differences in treatment efficacy, thus increasing the difficulty of interpreting trial results. We propose that future trials of HAIC standardize these key factors to reveal the clinical value of HAIC-based treatments for HCC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222312880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T23:22:28Z","timestamp":1638314548000},"page":"12880","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Revisiting Hepatic Artery Infusion Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Ching-Tso","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu 300195, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8891-4426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsung-Hao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7334-1912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Yun","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kao-Lang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei 106328, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po-Chin","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu 300195, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong-Zhe","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei 106328, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-7563.2010.01287.x","article-title":"Hepatic arterial infusion of chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Shao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Asia-Pac. 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