{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T09:38:09Z","timestamp":1788514689381,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, including various clinical manifestations, such as mycosis fungoides (MF) and S\u00e9zary syndrome (SS). CTCL mostly develops from CD4 T cells with the skin-tropic memory phenotype. Malignant T cells in MF lesions show the phenotype of skin resident memory T cells (TRM), which reside in the peripheral tissues for long periods and do not recirculate. On the other hand, malignant T cells in SS represent the phenotype of central memory T cells (TCM), which are characterized by recirculation to and from the blood and lymphoid tissues. The kinetics and the functional characteristics of malignant cells in CTCL are still unclear due, in part, to the fact that both the malignant cells and the T cells exerting anti-tumor activity possess the same characteristics as T cells. Capturing the features of both the malignant and the benign T cells is necessary for understanding the pathogenesis of CTCL and would lead to new therapeutic strategies specifically targeting the skin malignant T cells or benign T cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222312933","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T23:22:28Z","timestamp":1638314548000},"page":"12933","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Malignant and Benign T Cells Constituting Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6884-7705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuichi","family":"Nakai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine\/Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"},{"name":"Research Department, Maruho Co., Ltd., Kyoto 600-8815, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0436-4296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eiji","family":"Kiyohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine\/Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8254-9176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rei","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine\/Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Integrative Medicine for Allergic and Immunological Diseases, Course of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine\/Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-11-881268","article-title":"The 2018 update of the WHO-EORTC classification for primary cutaneous lymphomas","volume":"133","author":"Willemze","year":"2019","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-05-287664","article-title":"High-scatter T cells: A reliable biomarker for malignant T cells in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","volume":"117","author":"Clark","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4730","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.27.7665","article-title":"Survival outcomes and prognostic factors in mycosis fungoides\/Sezary syndrome: Validation of the revised International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas\/European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer staging proposal","volume":"28","author":"Agar","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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