{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T19:34:46Z","timestamp":1788982486598,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003069","name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20201086SIP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20201086SIP"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003069","name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20210419SIP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20210419SIP"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are evaginations of the cytoplasmic membrane, containing nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, enzymes, and toxins. EVs participate in various bacterial physiological processes. Staphylococcus epidermidis interacts and communicates with the host skin. S. epidermidis\u2019 EVs may have an essential role in this communication mechanism, modulating the immunological environment. This work aimed to evaluate if S. epidermidis\u2019 EVs can modulate cytokine production by keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo using the imiquimod-induced psoriasis murine model. S. epidermidis\u2019 EVs were obtained from a commensal strain (ATC12228EVs) and a clinical isolated strain (983EVs). EVs from both origins induced IL-6 expression in HaCaT keratinocyte cultures; nevertheless, 983EVs promoted a higher expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines VEGF-A, LL37, IL-8, and IL-17F than ATCC12228EVs. Moreover, in vivo imiquimod-induced psoriatic skin treated with ATCC12228EVs reduced the characteristic psoriatic skin features, such as acanthosis and cellular infiltrate, as well as VEGF-A, IL-6, KC, IL-23, IL-17F, IL-36\u03b3, and IL-36R expression in a more efficient manner than 983EVs; however, in contrast, Foxp3 expression did not significantly change, and IL-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra) was found to be increased. Our findings showed a distinctive immunological profile induction that is dependent on the clinical or commensal EV origin in a mice model of skin-like psoriasis. Characteristically, proteomics analysis showed differences in the EVs protein content, dependent on origin of the isolated EVs. Specifically, in ATCC12228EVs, we found the proteins glutamate dehydrogenase, ornithine carbamoyltransferase, arginine deiminase, carbamate kinase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, phenol-soluble \u03b21\/\u03b22 modulin, and polyglycerol phosphate \u03b1-glucosyltransferase, which could be involved in the reduction of lesions in the murine imiquimod-induced psoriasis skin. Our results show that the commensal ATCC12228EVs have a greater protective\/attenuating effect on the murine imiquimod-induced psoriasis by inducing IL-36Ra expression in comparison with EVs from a clinical isolate of S. epidermidis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222313029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T02:40:02Z","timestamp":1638412802000},"page":"13029","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["The Extracellular Vesicles from the Commensal Staphylococcus Epidermidis ATCC12228 Strain Regulate Skin Inflammation in the Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis Murine Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5050-2143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"G\u00f3mez-Ch\u00e1vez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Enfermedades Osteoarticulares e Inmunol\u00f3gicas, Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopat\u00eda, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 07320, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Cedillo-Pel\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatr\u00eda, Secretar\u00eda de Salud, Mexico City 04530, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2318-2463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis A.","family":"Zapi-Col\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Departamento de Inmunolog\u00eda, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas-Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 07340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2500-5954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guadalupe","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Departamento de Inmunolog\u00eda, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas-Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 07340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isa\u00ed","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunolog\u00eda, Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n, Instituto de Oftalmolog\u00eda Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City 06800, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4305-9606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Humberto","family":"Peralta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de Gen\u00f3mica Funcional de Procariotes, Centro de Ciencias Gen\u00f3micas, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Cuernavaca 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2334-0361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leslie","family":"Chavez-Galan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Integrative Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosi\u00f3 Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erick D.","family":"Avila-Calder\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunomicrobiolog\u00eda, Departamento Microbiolog\u00eda, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas-Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Araceli","family":"Contreras-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunomicrobiolog\u00eda, Departamento Microbiolog\u00eda, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas-Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaneth","family":"Bartolo-Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnolog\u00eda del Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional (UPIBI-IPN), Mexico City 07340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Departamento de Inmunolog\u00eda, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas-Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Mexico City 07340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0271-7892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario 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