{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T12:37:15Z","timestamp":1791981435303,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":176,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]],"date-time":"2021-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Over the last decades, antiplatelet agents, mainly aspirin and P2Y12 receptor antagonists, have significantly reduced morbidity and mortality associated with arterial thrombosis. Their pharmacological characteristics, including pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamics profiles, have been extensively studied, and a significant number of clinical trials assessing their efficacy and safety in various clinical settings have established antithrombotic efficacy. Notwithstanding, antiplatelet agents carry an inherent risk of bleeding. Given that bleeding is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes and mortality, there is an unmet clinical need to develop novel antiplatelet therapies that inhibit thrombosis while maintaining hemostasis. In this review, we present the currently available antiplatelet agents, with a particular focus on their targets, pharmacological characteristics, and patterns of use. We will further discuss the novel antiplatelet therapies in the pipeline, with the goal of improved clinical outcomes among patients with atherothrombotic diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222313079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,5]],"date-time":"2021-12-05T21:01:45Z","timestamp":1638738105000},"page":"13079","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Current and Novel Antiplatelet Therapies for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8738-5975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georges","family":"Jourdi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7418-6766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Lordkipanidz\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lien","family":"Philippe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, Innovations Th\u00e9rapeutiques en H\u00e9mostase, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France"},{"name":"Service d\u2019H\u00e9matologie Biologique, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Europ\u00e9en Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6264-902X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christilla","family":"Bachelot-Loza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, Innovations Th\u00e9rapeutiques en H\u00e9mostase, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9139-2147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascale","family":"Gaussem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, Innovations Th\u00e9rapeutiques en H\u00e9mostase, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France"},{"name":"Service d\u2019H\u00e9matologie Biologique, AP-HP, H\u00f4pital Europ\u00e9en Georges Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1080\/14779072.2019.1651199","article-title":"Aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: Latest evidence","volume":"17","author":"Capodanno","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Rev. 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