{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:15:50Z","timestamp":1790802950396,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]],"date-time":"2021-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Endometriosis (EM) is an estrogen-dependent disease characterized by the presence of epithelial, stromal, and smooth muscle cells outside the uterine cavity. It is a chronic and debilitating condition affecting ~10% of women. EM is characterized by infertility and pain, such as dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, dyspareunia, dysuria, and dyschezia. Although EM was first described in 1860, its aetiology and pathogenesis remain uncertain. Recent evidence demonstrates that the peripheral nervous system plays an important role in the pathophysiology of this disease. Sensory nerves, which surround and innervate endometriotic lesions, not only drive the chronic and debilitating pain associated with EM but also contribute to a growth phenotype by secreting neurotrophic factors and interacting with surrounding immune cells. Here we review the role that peripheral nerves play in driving and maintaining endometriotic lesions. A better understanding of the role of this system, as well as its interactions with immune cells, will unearth novel disease-relevant pathways and targets, providing new therapeutics and better-tailored treatment options.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222313102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,5]],"date-time":"2021-12-05T21:01:45Z","timestamp":1638738105000},"page":"13102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Neurogenic Inflammation in the Context of Endometriosis\u2014What Do We Know?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Renata Voltolini","family":"Velho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology Charit\u00e9 with Center of Oncological Surgery, Endometriosis Research Center Charit\u00e9, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliane","family":"Taube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jalid","family":"Sehouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology Charit\u00e9 with Center of Oncological Surgery, Endometriosis Research Center Charit\u00e9, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Mechsner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology Charit\u00e9 with Center of Oncological Surgery, Endometriosis Research Center Charit\u00e9, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200107263450407","article-title":"Treatment of endometriosis","volume":"345","author":"Olive","year":"2001","journal-title":"N. 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