{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T23:13:59Z","timestamp":1793402039476,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":191,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In several central nervous system diseases, it has been reported that inflammation may be related to the etiologic process, therefore, therapeutic strategies are being implemented to control inflammation. As the nervous system and the immune system maintain close bidirectional communication in physiological and pathological conditions, the modulation of inflammation through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex has been proposed. In this review, we summarized the evidence supporting chemical stimulation with cholinergic agonists and vagus nerve stimulation as therapeutic strategies in the treatment of various central nervous system pathologies, and their effect on inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222413427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T09:34:25Z","timestamp":1639474465000},"page":"13427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Role of the Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Reflex in Central Nervous System Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3575-8722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan Emmanuel","family":"Ramos-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Glycobiology, Cell Growth and Tissue Repair Research Unit (Gly-CRRET), Universit\u00e9 Paris Est Cr\u00e9teil (UPEC), 94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1341-2875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Carmen","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud P\u00fablica, SSA, Morelos 62100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Cerb\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n en Reproducci\u00f3n Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda-Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Ramos-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Hospital General Regional Lic. Ignacio Garcia Tellez IMSS, Yucat\u00e1n 97150, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3985-3628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edgar Gustavo","family":"Ramos-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Ciencias, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Benito Ju\u00e1rez de Oaxaca, Oaxaca 68120, Mexico"},{"name":"Instituto de C\u00f3mputo Aplicado en Ciencias, Oaxaca 68044, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gellman, M.D., and Turner, J.R. (2013). 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