{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T11:20:13Z","timestamp":1782818413161,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003447","name":"State Scholarships Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MIS-5033021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MIS-5033021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003447","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The latest meta-analysis of genome-wide linkage studies (GWLS) identified nine cytogenetic locations suggestive of a linkage with diabetic nephropathy (DN) due to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and seven locations due to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In order to gain biological insight about the functional role of the genes located in these regions and to prioritize the most significant genetic loci for further research, we conducted a gene ontology analysis with an over representation test for the functional annotation of the protein coding genes. Protein analysis through evolutionary relationships (PANTHER) version 16.0 software and Cytoscape with the relevant plugins were used for the gene ontology analysis, and the overrepresentation test and STRING database were used for the construction of the protein network. The findings of the over-representation test highlight the contribution of immune related molecules like immunoglobulins, cytokines, and chemokines with regard to the most overrepresented protein classes, whereas the most enriched signaling pathways include the VEGF signaling pathway, the Cadherin pathway, the Wnt pathway, the angiogenesis pathway, the p38 MAPK pathway, and the EGF receptor signaling pathway. The common section of T1DM and T2DM results include the significant over representation of immune related molecules, and the Cadherin and Wnt signaling pathways that could constitute potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of DN, irrespective of the type of diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23010020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T09:50:43Z","timestamp":1640080243000},"page":"20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Meta-Analysis and Bioinformatics Detection of Susceptibility Genes in Diabetic Nephropathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7206-2716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Tziastoudi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larisa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1517-8691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Cholevas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1598-460X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theoharis C.","family":"Theoharides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis","family":"Stefanidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larisa, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198905043201801","article-title":"Familial Clustering of Diabetic Kidney Disease. 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