{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T03:08:11Z","timestamp":1791256091157,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":235,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ERA-net Cardiovascular Diseases","award":["ANR-19-ECVD-0007-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-19-ECVD-0007-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Heart failure (HF) is a plague of the aging population in industrialized countries that continues to cause many deaths despite intensive research into more effective treatments. Although the therapeutic arsenal to face heart failure has been expanding, the relatively short life expectancy of HF patients is pushing towards novel therapeutic strategies. Heart failure is associated with drastic metabolic disorders, including severe myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction and systemic nutrient deprivation secondary to severe cardiac dysfunction. To date, no effective therapy has been developed to restore the cardiac energy metabolism of the failing myocardium, mainly due to the metabolic complexity and intertwining of the involved processes. Recent years have witnessed a growing scientific interest in natural molecules that play a pivotal role in energy metabolism with promising therapeutic effects against heart failure. Among these molecules, B vitamins are a class of water soluble vitamins that are directly involved in energy metabolism and are of particular interest since they are intimately linked to energy metabolism and HF patients are often B vitamin deficient. This review aims at assessing the value of B vitamin supplementation in the treatment of heart failure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23010030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T09:50:43Z","timestamp":1640080243000},"page":"30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Metabolic Therapy of Heart Failure: Is There a Future for B Vitamins?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6019-8683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Piquereau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR-S 1180, Inserm Unit of Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 92296 Chatenay-Malabry, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sol\u00e8ne E.","family":"Boitard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR-S 1180, Inserm Unit of Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 92296 Chatenay-Malabry, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9e","family":"Ventura-Clapier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR-S 1180, Inserm Unit of Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 92296 Chatenay-Malabry, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6779-092X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathias","family":"Mericskay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR-S 1180, Inserm Unit of Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, 92296 Chatenay-Malabry, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1858","article-title":"Epidemiology of heart failure","volume":"22","author":"Groenewegen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1594","article-title":"Survival of patients with chronic heart failure in the community: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Jones","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2010.09.006","article-title":"Bioenergetics of the failing heart","volume":"1813","author":"Garnier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)02160-5","article-title":"Absolute concentrations of high-energy phosphate metabolites in normal, hypertrophied, and failing human myocardium measured noninvasively with (31)P-SLOOP magnetic resonance spectroscopy","volume":"40","author":"Beer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.20.2113","article-title":"Progressive loss of myocardial ATP due to a loss of total purines during the development of heart failure in dogs: A compensatory role for the parallel loss of creatine","volume":"100","author":"Shen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.78.5.893","article-title":"Decreased energy reserve in an animal model of dilated cardiomyopathy. Relationship to contractile performance","volume":"78","author":"Liao","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2017.03.009","article-title":"Complex Energy Metabolic Changes in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction","volume":"33","author":"Lopaschuk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.678","article-title":"Metabolic support for the heart: Complementary therapy for heart failure?","volume":"18","author":"Heggermont","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.318241","article-title":"Cardiac Energy Metabolism in Heart Failure","volume":"128","author":"Lopaschuk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Lykstad, J., and Sharma, S. (2021). Biochemistry, Water Soluble Vitamins. StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing LLC."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.21873\/invivo.11034","article-title":"High-dose Parenteral Thiamine in Treatment of Wernicke\u2019s Encephalopathy: Case Series and Review of the Literature","volume":"31","author":"Nishimoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"In Vivo"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2012.07.007","article-title":"How can cobalamin injections be spaced in long-term therapy for inborn errors of vitamin B(12) absorption?","volume":"107","author":"Kozyraki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Metab."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3731","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612823666170321094711","article-title":"Vitamins in Heart Failure: Friend or Enemy?","volume":"23","author":"Georgiopoulos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-014-9432-0","article-title":"Thiamin deficiency and heart failure: The current knowledge and gaps in literature","volume":"20","author":"Ahmed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heart Fail. Rev."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz192","article-title":"Thiamin supplementation does not improve left ventricular ejection fraction in ambulatory heart failure patients: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"110","author":"Keith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz246","article-title":"Thiamin therapy for chronic heart failure: Is there any future for this vitamin?","volume":"110","author":"Goel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22473","article-title":"Vitamin D Supplementation in the Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","volume":"39","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.109.907899","article-title":"The effects of vitamin D supplementation on physical function and quality of life in older patients with heart failure: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"3","author":"Witham","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2014.02.015","article-title":"Effects of six months of vitamin D supplementation in patients with heart failure: A randomized double-blind controlled trial","volume":"24","author":"Dalbeni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"1430","article-title":"Effects of Vitamin D supplementation on physical activity of patients with Heart Failure","volume":"32","author":"Haider","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pak. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00078","article-title":"Mito-Nuclear Communication by Mitochondrial Metabolites and Its Regulation by B-Vitamins","volume":"10","author":"Janssen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7133.2011.00239.x","article-title":"Nutritional assessment in heart failure patients","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Congest. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533612444539","article-title":"The role of B vitamins in the management of heart failure","volume":"27","author":"Ahmed","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra063052","article-title":"The failing heart--an engine out of fuel","volume":"356","author":"Neubauer","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-018-0044-6","article-title":"Metabolic remodelling in heart failure","volume":"15","author":"Bertero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvz060","article-title":"Pivotal role of membrane substrate transporters on the metabolic alterations in the pressure-overloaded heart","volume":"115","author":"Geraets","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2020.109807","article-title":"Regulation of nutrient uptake by AMP-activated protein kinase","volume":"76","author":"Alghamdi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Signal."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2018.08.015","article-title":"Myocardial metabolism in heart failure: Purinergic signalling and other metabolic concepts","volume":"194","author":"Birkenfeld","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(63)91500-9","article-title":"The glucose fatty-acid cycle. Its role in insulin sensitivity and the metabolic disturbances of diabetes mellitus","volume":"1","author":"Randle","year":"1963","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1126\/science.388618","article-title":"Keilin\u2019s respiratory chain concept and its chemiosmotic consequences","volume":"206","author":"Mitchell","year":"1979","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s10545-011-9382-9","article-title":"Mitochondrial ATP synthase: Architecture, function and pathology","volume":"35","author":"Jonckheere","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Inherit. Metab. Dis."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"65","article-title":"The respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation","volume":"17","author":"Chance","year":"1956","journal-title":"Adv. Enzymol. Relat. Subj. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2840001","article-title":"Control of respiration and ATP synthesis in mammalian mitochondria and cells","volume":"284","author":"Brown","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1006\/jmcc.2002.2082","article-title":"Cardiac energy metabolism homeostasis: Role of cytosolic calcium","volume":"34","author":"Balaban","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0034084","article-title":"Relation between mitochondrial calcium transport and control of energy metabolism","volume":"102","author":"Hansford","year":"1985","journal-title":"Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C423","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.2000.278.2.C423","article-title":"Ca2+ activation of heart mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation: Role of the F(0)\/F(1)-ATPase","volume":"278","author":"Territo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(99)00263-1","article-title":"Cardiac fatty acid uptake and transport in health and disease","volume":"45","author":"Glatz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s003950050167","article-title":"Regulation by carnitine of myocardial fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism under normal and pathological conditions","volume":"95","author":"Calvani","year":"2000","journal-title":"Basic Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7827(01)00024-8","article-title":"Control of mitochondrial beta-oxidation flux","volume":"41","author":"Eaton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4532592","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4532592","article-title":"Adaptations in Protein Expression and Regulated Activity of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Multienzyme Complex in Human Systolic Heart Failure","volume":"2019","author":"Sheeran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1139\/h05-002","article-title":"Distribution of monocarboxylate transporters MCT1-MCT8 in rat tissues and human skeletal muscle","volume":"31","author":"Bonen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2020.165739","article-title":"Cardiac ketone body metabolism","volume":"1866","author":"Clarke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1139\/y87-067","article-title":"Competition between fatty acids and carbohydrate or ketone bodies as metabolic fuels for the isolated perfused heart","volume":"65","author":"Forsey","year":"1987","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1540327","article-title":"Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase in rat heart. Mechanism of regulation of proportions of dephosphorylated and phosphorylated enzyme by oxidation of fatty acids and ketone bodies and of effects of diabetes: Role of coenzyme A, acetyl-coenzyme A and reduced and oxidized nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide","volume":"154","author":"Kerbey","year":"1976","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-002-0973-z","article-title":"System L: Heteromeric exchangers of large, neutral amino acids involved in directional transport","volume":"445","author":"Verrey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pflug. Arch. Eur. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.11.044","article-title":"Bidirectional transport of amino acids regulates mTOR and autophagy","volume":"136","author":"Nicklin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-020518-114455","article-title":"Branched Chain Amino Acids","volume":"81","author":"Neinast","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI38151","article-title":"Protein phosphatase 2Cm is a critical regulator of branched-chain amino acid catabolism in mice and cultured cells","volume":"119","author":"Lu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1499107","article-title":"A novel mitochondrial matrix serine\/threonine protein phosphatase regulates the mitochondria permeability transition pore and is essential for cellular survival and development","volume":"21","author":"Lu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1911.sp001481","article-title":"On the chemical nature of the substance which cures polyneuritis in birds induced by a diet of polished rice","volume":"43","author":"Funk","year":"1911","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1515\/BC.2005.002","article-title":"Interaction of thiamin diphosphate with phosphorylated and dephosphorylated mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex","volume":"386","author":"Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2007.03.010","article-title":"Responses of the mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex to thiamine deficiency may contribute to regional selective vulnerability","volume":"50","author":"Shi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32968","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M403611200","article-title":"Cross-talk between thiamin diphosphate binding and phosphorylation loop conformation in human branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase\/dehydrogenase","volume":"279","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4889(94)90018-3","article-title":"Subcellular localization and compartmentation of thiamine derivatives in rat brain","volume":"1222","author":"Bettendorff","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12583","DOI":"10.1038\/srep12583","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of the non-coenzyme action of thiamin in brain: Biochemical, structural and pathway analysis","volume":"5","author":"Mkrtchyan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G23","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00132.2010","article-title":"Chronic alcohol consumption and intestinal thiamin absorption: Effects on physiological and molecular parameters of the uptake process","volume":"299","author":"Subramanya","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2006.04.014","article-title":"Mitochondrial function and toxicity: Role of the B vitamin family on mitochondrial energy metabolism","volume":"163","author":"Depeint","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(90)90341-U","article-title":"Thiamine pyrophosphate uptake into isolated rat liver mitochondria","volume":"280","author":"Barile","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1033.2003.03948.x","article-title":"Acyl-CoA dehydrogenases and acyl-CoA oxidases. Structural basis for mechanistic similarities and differences","volume":"271","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2021.145407","article-title":"Electron transfer flavoprotein and its role in mitochondrial energy metabolism in health and disease","volume":"776","author":"Henriques","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2013.01.012","article-title":"Emerging concepts in the flavinylation of succinate dehydrogenase","volume":"1827","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(82)90177-2","article-title":"FAD-binding site of glutathione reductase","volume":"160","author":"Schulz","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.6.1352","article-title":"Riboflavin (vitamin B-2) and health","volume":"77","author":"Powers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1007\/s10545-016-9924-2","article-title":"Clinical presentation and outcome of riboflavin transporter deficiency: Mini review after five years of experience","volume":"39","author":"Jaeger","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Inherit. Metab. Dis."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.2307\/4570920","article-title":"The etiology of Pellagra","volume":"29","author":"Goldberger","year":"1914","journal-title":"Public Health Rep."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01288a509","article-title":"Relation of nicotinic acid and nicotinic acid amide to canine black tongue","volume":"59","author":"Elvehjem","year":"1937","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.28.061807.155443","article-title":"Nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, and nicotinamide riboside: A molecular evaluation of NAD+ precursor vitamins in human nutrition","volume":"28","author":"Bogan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.11.002","article-title":"NAD+ Intermediates: The Biology and Therapeutic Potential of NMN and NR","volume":"27","author":"Yoshino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-018-0009-4","article-title":"Slc12a8 is a nicotinamide mononucleotide transporter","volume":"1","author":"Grozio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-019-0085-0","article-title":"Absence of evidence that Slc12a8 encodes a nicotinamide mononucleotide transporter","volume":"1","author":"Schmidt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.24926","article-title":"MNADK, a Long-Awaited Human Mitochondrion-Localized NAD Kinase","volume":"230","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4096","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.4096","article-title":"Assessing the pentose phosphate pathway using [2, 3-(13) C2 ]glucose","volume":"32","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"NMR Biomed."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20173","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.730473","article-title":"The Contribution of Nicotinamide Nucleotide Transhydrogenase to Peroxide Detoxification Is Dependent on the Respiratory State and Counterbalanced by Other Sources of NADPH in Liver Mitochondria","volume":"291","author":"Ronchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.07.008","article-title":"Reversal of Mitochondrial Transhydrogenase Causes Oxidative Stress in Heart Failure","volume":"22","author":"Nickel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2015.10.004","article-title":"Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide homeostasis and signalling in heart disease: Pathophysiological implications and therapeutic potential","volume":"109","author":"Mericskay","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1375","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00053.2015","article-title":"The role of sirtuins in cardiac disease","volume":"309","author":"Matsushima","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanz, M.N., Grimbert, L., Moulin, M., Gressette, M., Rucker-Martin, C., Lemaire, C., Mericskay, M., Veksler, V., Ventura-Clapier, R., and Garnier, A. (2019). Inducible Cardiac-Specific Deletion of Sirt1 in Male Mice Reveals Progressive Cardiac Dysfunction and Sensitization of the Heart to Pressure Overload. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20205005"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03354","article-title":"Nutrient control of glucose homeostasis through a complex of PGC-1alpha and SIRT1","volume":"434","author":"Rodgers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2040203","article-title":"The hydrolysis of nicotinamide adenine nucleotide by brush border membranes of rat intestine","volume":"204","author":"Baum","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/113.2.412","article-title":"Digestion and absorption of NAD by the small intestine of the rat","volume":"113","author":"Gross","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.02.001","article-title":"Bacteria Boost Mammalian Host NAD Metabolism by Engaging the Deamidated Biosynthesis Pathway","volume":"31","author":"Shats","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kropotov, A., Kulikova, V., Nerinovski, K., Yakimov, A., Svetlova, M., Solovjeva, L., Sudnitsyna, J., Migaud, M.E., Khodorkovskiy, M., and Ziegler, M. (2021). Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporters Mediate the Import of Nicotinamide Riboside and Nicotinic Acid Riboside into Human Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22031391"},{"key":"ref_83","first-page":"5440","article-title":"Nicotinamide riboside, a form of vitamin B3, protects against excitotoxicity-induced axonal degeneration","volume":"31","author":"Vaur","year":"2017","journal-title":"FASEB J. Off. Publ. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2020.113829","article-title":"Nicotinic acid transport into human liver involves organic anion transporter 2 (SLC22A7)","volume":"174","author":"Mathialagan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2017.05.011","article-title":"Nicotinamide riboside kinases display redundancy in mediating nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside metabolism in skeletal muscle cells","volume":"6","author":"Fletcher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kulikova, V., Shabalin, K., Nerinovski, K., Yakimov, A., Svetlova, M., Solovjeva, L., Kropotov, A., Khodorkovskiy, M., Migaud, M.E., and Ziegler, M. (2019). Degradation of Extracellular NAD+ Intermediates in Cultures of Human HEK293 Cells. Metabolites, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo9120293"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20140124","article-title":"Coenzyme A biosynthetic machinery in mammalian cells","volume":"42","author":"Martinez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1006\/abbi.1999.1213","article-title":"Molecular and functional characterization of the intestinal Na+-dependent multivitamin transporter","volume":"366","author":"Prasad","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2020.101028","article-title":"Regulation of coenzyme A levels by degradation: The \u2018Ins and Outs\u2019","volume":"78","author":"Naquet","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid. Res."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19421","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1909535116","article-title":"Mechanism of activation of the human cysteine desulfurase complex by frataxin","volume":"116","author":"Patra","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16319","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b09261","article-title":"Using Hyperfine Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Define the Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Reaction at Fe-S Cluster N2 in Respiratory Complex I","volume":"139","author":"Wright","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557721","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.557721","article-title":"Computational Modeling Analysis of Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species by Mitochondrial Assembled and Disintegrated Complex II","volume":"11","author":"Markevich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2006.05.010","article-title":"Mitochondrial function and toxicity: Role of B vitamins on the one-carbon transfer pathways","volume":"163","author":"Depeint","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-013-8497-4","article-title":"Insulin resistance and dysregulation of tryptophan-kynurenine and kynurenine-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolic pathways","volume":"48","author":"Oxenkrug","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4932","DOI":"10.1021\/bi002598t","article-title":"Lack of catalytic activity of a murine mRNA cytoplasmic serine hydroxymethyltransferase splice variant: Evidence against alternative splicing as a regulatory mechanism","volume":"40","author":"Liu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6226","DOI":"10.1021\/bi800351a","article-title":"Kinetic properties of polymorphic variants and pathogenic mutants in human cystathionine gamma-lyase","volume":"47","author":"Zhu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2012.09.008","article-title":"Glutathione synthesis","volume":"1830","author":"Lu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2019.06.003","article-title":"5-Aminolevulinate synthase catalysis: The catcher in heme biosynthesis","volume":"128","author":"Stojanovski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Metab."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albersen, M., Bosma, M., Knoers, N.V., de Ruiter, B.H., Diekman, E.F., de Ruijter, J., Visser, W.F., de Koning, T.J., and Verhoeven-Duif, N.M. (2013). The intestine plays a substantial role in human vitamin B6 metabolism: A Caco-2 cell model. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054113"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/109.9.1542","article-title":"Transport and metabolism of pyridoxal and pyridoxal phosphate in the small intestine of the rat","volume":"109","author":"Mehansho","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1219","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00204.2003","article-title":"A carrier-mediated mechanism for pyridoxine uptake by human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells: Regulation by a PKA-mediated pathway","volume":"285","author":"Said","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1192","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00015.2008","article-title":"Pyridoxine uptake by colonocytes: A specific and regulated carrier-mediated process","volume":"294","author":"Said","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apcsb.2017.04.006","article-title":"Striking Diversity in Holoenzyme Architecture and Extensive Conformational Variability in Biotin-Dependent Carboxylases","volume":"109","author":"Tong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Protein Chem. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1385\/ENDO:29:1:91","article-title":"Modulation of fatty acid metabolism as a potential approach to the treatment of obesity and the metabolic syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Kusunoki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20140094","article-title":"Role of CoA and acetyl-CoA in regulating cardiac fatty acid and glucose oxidation","volume":"42","author":"Lopaschuk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem. Soc. Trans."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2021.03.001","article-title":"A novel small molecule approach for the treatment of propionic and methylmalonic acidemias","volume":"133","author":"Armstrong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Metab."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0093","article-title":"Biochemical and molecular characterization of 3-Methylcrotonylglycinuria in an Italian asymptomatic girl","volume":"41","author":"Cozzolino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genet. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.24.012003.132306","article-title":"New insights into erythropoiesis: The roles of folate, vitamin B12, and iron","volume":"24","author":"Koury","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2413S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/132.8.2413S","article-title":"Folate status: Effects on pathways of colorectal carcinogenesis","volume":"132","author":"Choi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.08.009","article-title":"One-Carbon Metabolism in Health and Disease","volume":"25","author":"Ducker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"research0034.1","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2002-3-7-research0034","article-title":"Accurate normalization of real-time quantitative RT-PCR data by geometric averaging of multiple internal control genes","volume":"3","author":"Vandesompele","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.6.1535","article-title":"Primed, constant infusion with [2H3]serine allows in vivo kinetic measurement of serine turnover, homocysteine remethylation, and transsulfuration processes in human one-carbon metabolism","volume":"72","author":"Gregory","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3235","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5083235","article-title":"Methoxistasis: Integrating the roles of homocysteine and folic acid in cardiovascular pathobiology","volume":"5","author":"Joseph","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1295005","article-title":"Activation of nuclear receptor coactivator PGC-1alpha by arginine methylation","volume":"19","author":"Teyssier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e553","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2013.69","article-title":"Decreased vitamin B12 availability induces ER stress through impaired SIRT1-deacetylation of HSF1","volume":"4","author":"Ghemrawi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(01)00543-3","article-title":"Free radical scavenging behavior of folic acid: Evidence for possible antioxidant activity","volume":"30","author":"Joshi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.07.010","article-title":"Mutations in MTFMT underlie a human disorder of formylation causing impaired mitochondrial translation","volume":"14","author":"Tucker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507777140","article-title":"Folic acid metabolism in human subjects revisited: Potential implications for proposed mandatory folic acid fortification in the UK","volume":"98","author":"Wright","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15650","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA120.014757","article-title":"A proton-coupled folate transporter mutation causing hereditary folate malabsorption locks the protein in an inward-open conformation","volume":"295","author":"Zhan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-2199-9_17","article-title":"Biochemistry of B12-cofactors in human metabolism","volume":"56","author":"Krautler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Subcell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30412","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2007332117","article-title":"Mobile loop dynamics in adenosyltransferase control binding and reactivity of coenzyme B12","volume":"117","author":"Mascarenhas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2009.07937.x","article-title":"Advances in the understanding of cobalamin assimilation and metabolism","volume":"148","author":"Quadros","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20540","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.29.20540","article-title":"Molecular dissection of the intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 receptor, cubilin, discloses regions important for membrane association and ligand binding","volume":"274","author":"Kristiansen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.113.300376","article-title":"Cardiac metabolism in heart failure: Implications beyond ATP production","volume":"113","author":"Doenst","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.113.302095","article-title":"Cardiac metabolism and its interactions with contraction, growth, and survival of cardiomyocytes","volume":"113","author":"Kolwicz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.055095","article-title":"Energy metabolism in heart failure","volume":"555","author":"Garnier","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1538","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00281.2004","article-title":"Moderate severity heart failure does not involve a downregulation of myocardial fatty acid oxidation","volume":"287","author":"Chandler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvp414","article-title":"Decreased rates of substrate oxidation ex vivo predict the onset of heart failure and contractile dysfunction in rats with pressure overload","volume":"86","author":"Doenst","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00006.2004","article-title":"Myocardial substrate metabolism in the normal and failing heart","volume":"85","author":"Stanley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2837","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.11.2837","article-title":"Fatty acid oxidation enzyme gene expression is downregulated in the failing heart","volume":"94","author":"Sack","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_131","first-page":"49","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha is downregulated in the failing human heart","volume":"8","author":"Karbowska","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Biol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.045104","article-title":"Depressed mitochondrial transcription factors and oxidative capacity in rat failing cardiac and skeletal muscles","volume":"551","author":"Garnier","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.10.039","article-title":"Molecular mechanism of PPARalpha action and its impact on lipid metabolism, inflammation and fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"62","author":"Pawlak","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2923","DOI":"10.1161\/hc4901.100526","article-title":"Metabolic gene expression in fetal and failing human heart","volume":"104","author":"Razeghi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00959","article-title":"Maturation of Cardiac Energy Metabolism During Perinatal Development","volume":"9","author":"Piquereau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-008-9711-y","article-title":"Compensated cardiac hypertrophy is characterised by a decline in palmitate oxidation","volume":"311","author":"Akki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-005-0549-0","article-title":"Cardiac fatty acid metabolism is preserved in the compensated hypertrophic rat heart","volume":"101","author":"Degens","year":"2006","journal-title":"Basic Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.304185","article-title":"Myostatin regulates energy homeostasis in the heart and prevents heart failure","volume":"115","author":"Biesemann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00870-6","article-title":"Metabolism\u2014The lost child of cardiology","volume":"36","author":"Taegtmeyer","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S1095-6433(03)00007-2","article-title":"Glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation in cardiac hypertrophy\u2014Why so unbalanced?","volume":"135","author":"Leong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Mol. Integr. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3716","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI120849","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction in pathophysiology of heart failure","volume":"128","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.85.1.68","article-title":"Subcellular creatine kinase alterations. Implications in heart failure","volume":"85","author":"Veksler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000137170.41939.d9","article-title":"Is the failing heart energy starved? On using chemical energy to support cardiac function","volume":"95","author":"Ingwall","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006840508139","article-title":"Functional coupling of creatine kinases in muscles: Species and tissue specificity","volume":"184","author":"Kuznetsov","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biochem."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-010-0149-8","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage to sarcomeric proteins","volume":"12","author":"Bayeva","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Hypertens. Rep."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1159\/000071246","article-title":"Dietary intake of various nutrients in older patients with congestive heart failure","volume":"99","author":"Gorelik","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2009.08.011","article-title":"Nutritional inadequacies in patients with stable heart failure","volume":"109","author":"Arcand","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1007\/s11897-012-0118-4","article-title":"Micronutrients in chronic heart failure","volume":"10","author":"Krim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Heart Fail. Rep."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2009.05.011","article-title":"B-vitamin deficiency in hospitalized patients with heart failure","volume":"109","author":"Keith","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitu, O., Cirneala, I.A., Lupsan, A.I., Iurciuc, M., Mitu, I., Dimitriu, D.C., Costache, A.D., Petris, A.O., and Costache, I.I. (2020). The Effect of Vitamin Supplementation on Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients without Manifest Cardiovascular Diseases: Never-ending Hope or Underestimated Effect?. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25071717"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2015.10.005","article-title":"Determining the Role of Thiamine Deficiency in Systolic Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review","volume":"21","author":"Jain","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Card. Fail."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-018-6808-8","article-title":"Thiamine Therapy for Heart Failure: A Promise or Fiction?","volume":"32","author":"Kattoor","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(91)90007-K","article-title":"Thiamine deficiency in patients with congestive heart failure receiving long-term furosemide therapy: A pilot study","volume":"91","author":"Seligmann","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_154","first-page":"184","article-title":"Thiamine deficiency in congestive heart failure patients receiving long term furosemide therapy","volume":"10","author":"Zenuk","year":"2003","journal-title":"Can. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753.e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2016.01.037","article-title":"Does Long-Term Furosemide Therapy Cause Thiamine Deficiency in Patients with Heart Failure? A Focused Review","volume":"129","author":"Katta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2143(99)90203-2","article-title":"Urinary loss of thiamine is increased by low doses of furosemide in healthy volunteers","volume":"134","author":"Rieck","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00578.2020","article-title":"Thiamine treatment preserves cardiac function against ischemia injury via maintaining mitochondrial size and ATP levels","volume":"130","author":"Yamada","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2010.05.014","article-title":"Benfotiamine improves functional recovery of the infarcted heart via activation of pro-survival G6PD\/Akt signaling pathway and modulation of neurohormonal response","volume":"49","author":"Katare","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmed, L.A., Hassan, O.F., Galal, O., Mansour, D.F., and El-Khatib, A. (2020). Beneficial effects of benfotiamine, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. PLoS ONE, 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232413"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s12012-019-09536-7","article-title":"The Effects of Thiamine Hydrochloride on Cardiac Function, Redox Status and Morphometric Alterations in Doxorubicin-Treated Rats","volume":"20","author":"Radonjic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Toxicol"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.109.903450","article-title":"Vitamin B1 analog benfotiamine prevents diabetes-induced diastolic dysfunction and heart failure through Akt\/Pim-1-mediated survival pathway","volume":"3","author":"Katare","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joim.2019.07.001","article-title":"Benfotiamine supplementation prevents oxidative stress in anterior tibialis muscle and heart","volume":"17","author":"Goncalves","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Integr. Med."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.09359FP","article-title":"Thiamine ameliorates diabetes-induced inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) in rat heart mitochondria: Investigating the discrepancy between PDH activity and PDH E1alpha phosphorylation in cardiac fibroblasts exposed to high glucose","volume":"113","author":"Kohda","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)80349-0","article-title":"Improved left ventricular function after thiamine supplementation in patients with congestive heart failure receiving long-term furosemide therapy","volume":"98","author":"Shimon","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-011-0376-2","article-title":"Thiamine supplementation in symptomatic chronic heart failure: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over pilot study","volume":"101","author":"Schoenenberger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_166","first-page":"113","article-title":"Thiamine status of elderly patients with cardiac failure including the effects of supplementation","volume":"64","author":"Pfitzenmeyer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res."},{"key":"ref_167","first-page":"00316","article-title":"Thiamine Supplementation in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure Receiving Optimum Medical Treatment","volume":"9","author":"Mousavi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cardiol. Curr. Res."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smithline, H.A., Donnino, M., Blank, F.S.J., Barus, R., Coute, R.A., Knee, A.B., and Visintainer, P. (2019). Supplemental thiamine for the treatment of acute heart failure syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-019-2506-8"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2010.08.006","article-title":"Nutritional intake and oxidative stress in chronic heart failure","volume":"22","author":"Hughes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1097\/JCN.0000000000000322","article-title":"Dietary Micronutrient Intake and Micronutrient Status in Patients With Chronic Stable Heart Failure: An Observational Study","volume":"32","author":"McKeag","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Nurs."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi442","article-title":"The effect of micronutrient supplementation on quality-of-life and left ventricular function in elderly patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"26","author":"Witte","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2018.01.006","article-title":"Riboflavin attenuates myocardial injury via LSD1-mediated crosstalk between phospholipid metabolism and histone methylation in mice with experimental myocardial infarction","volume":"115","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2011.09.009","article-title":"Cofactors and metabolites as potential stabilizers of mitochondrial acyl-CoA dehydrogenases","volume":"1812","author":"Lucas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2020.114100","article-title":"Flavine adenine dinucleotide inhibits pathological cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis through activating short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase","volume":"178","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.4081\/hi.2011.e21","article-title":"Riboflavin alleviates cardiac failure in Type I diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heart Int."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.07.002","article-title":"Mitochondrial complex I deficiency increases protein acetylation and accelerates heart failure","volume":"18","author":"Karamanlidis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.022495","article-title":"Normalization of NAD+ Redox Balance as a Therapy for Heart Failure","volume":"134","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2571","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M006825200","article-title":"Opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore causes depletion of mitochondrial and cytosolic NAD+ and is a causative event in the death of myocytes in postischemic reperfusion of the heart","volume":"276","author":"Menabo","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2256","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.026099","article-title":"Nicotinamide Riboside Preserves Cardiac Function in a Mouse Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy","volume":"137","author":"Diguet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3870","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddy278","article-title":"Rescue of biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide protects the heart in cardiomyopathy caused by lamin A\/C gene mutation","volume":"27","author":"Vignier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.102038","article-title":"Mechanisms of impaired mitochondrial homeostasis and NAD+ metabolism in a model of mitochondrial heart disease exhibiting redox active iron accumulation","volume":"46","author":"Chiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdellatif, M., Trummer-Herbst, V., Koser, F., Durand, S., Adao, R., Vasques-Novoa, F., Freundt, J.K., Voglhuber, J., Pricolo, M.R., and Kasa, M. (2021). Nicotinamide for the treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Sci. Transl. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abd7064"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.317046","article-title":"NAD+ Repletion Reverses Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction","volume":"128","author":"Tong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horton, J.L., Martin, O.J., Lai, L., Riley, N.M., Richards, A.L., Vega, R.B., Leone, T.C., Pagliarini, D.J., Muoio, D.M., and Bedi, K.C. (2016). Mitochondrial protein hyperacetylation in the failing heart. JCI Insight, 2.","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.84897"},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dnarep.2014.08.005","article-title":"The function of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase in the heart","volume":"23","author":"Hsu","year":"2014","journal-title":"DNA Repair"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13551","DOI":"10.1111\/apha.13551","article-title":"Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide: Biosynthesis, consumption and therapeutic role in cardiac diseases","volume":"231","author":"Tannous","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Physiol."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tannous, C., Deloux, R., Karoui, A., Mougenot, N., Burkin, D., Blanc, J., Coletti, D., Lavery, G., Li, Z., and Mericskay, M. (2021). NMRK2 Gene Is Upregulated in Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Required for Cardiac Function and NAD Levels during Aging. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22073534"},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032626","article-title":"Raising NAD in Heart Failure: Time to Translate?","volume":"137","author":"Walker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.319308","article-title":"NAD Repletion Therapy: A Silver Bullet for HFpEF?","volume":"128","author":"Akar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6054","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI138538","article-title":"Boosting NAD level suppresses inflammatory activation of PBMCs in heart failure","volume":"130","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.72.4.349","article-title":"Dilated cardiomyopathy due to type II X-linked 3-methylglutaconic aciduria: Successful treatment with pantothenic acid","volume":"72","author":"Brown","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1080\/10520295.2020.1714078","article-title":"Therapeutic effects of dexpanthenol on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems following cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis in rats","volume":"95","author":"Kose","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biotech. Histochem."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7479","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.27058","article-title":"Protective and therapeutic effects of dexpanthenol on isoproterenol-induced cardiac damage in rats","volume":"119","author":"Kalkan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_194","first-page":"190","article-title":"Protective effect of vitamin B5 (dexpanthenol) on cardiovascular damage induced by streptozocin in rats","volume":"115","author":"Demirci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bratisl Lek Listy"},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymgme.2008.08.002","article-title":"Functional and metabolic implications of biotin deficiency for the rat heart","volume":"95","author":"Sanchez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Metab."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2012-0372","article-title":"Hyperhomocysteinemia in health and disease: Where we are now, and where do we go from here ?","volume":"50","author":"Lippi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_197","first-page":"CD006612","article-title":"Homocysteine-lowering interventions for preventing cardiovascular events","volume":"4","author":"Sola","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109245","article-title":"A novel approach in the management of hyperhomocysteinemia","volume":"129","author":"Qureshi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.11.213","article-title":"Is hyperhomocysteinemia a causal factor for heart failure? The impact of the functional variants of MTHFR and PON1 on ischemic and non-ischemic etiology","volume":"228","author":"Strauss","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.2174\/157489009787259991","article-title":"Homocysteine and heart failure: An overview","volume":"4","author":"Vizzardi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Recent Pat. Cardiovasc. Drug Discov."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.1.117","article-title":"Plasma B vitamins and their relation to the severity of chronic heart failure","volume":"85","author":"Herrmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_202","first-page":"55","article-title":"Plasma homocysteine and the severity of heart failure in patients with previous myocardial infarction","volume":"18","author":"Mocan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cardiol. J."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hjc.2019.10.010","article-title":"Methylmalonic acid and vitamin B12 in patients with heart failure","volume":"61","author":"Polytarchou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hellenic J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/126.suppl_4.1249S","article-title":"Relationship among homocyst(e)ine, vitamin B-12 and cardiac disease in the elderly: Association between vitamin B-12 deficiency and decreased left ventricular ejection fraction","volume":"126","author":"Herzlich","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-006-9195-3","article-title":"The management of conditioned nutritional requirements in heart failure","volume":"11","author":"Allard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Heart Fail. Rev."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2014-306022","article-title":"Vitamin B12 and folate deficiency in chronic heart failure","volume":"101","author":"Klip","year":"2015","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2006.245","article-title":"Increased homocysteine in heart failure: A result of renal impairment?","volume":"44","author":"Aksoy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2008.04.010","article-title":"Reduced urinary excretion of homocysteine could be the reason of elevated plasma homocysteine in patients with psychiatric illnesses","volume":"41","author":"Ipcioglu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.1161\/hc4601.098514","article-title":"Homocysteine impairs the nitric oxide synthase pathway: Role of asymmetric dimethylarginine","volume":"104","author":"Stuhlinger","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.20837","article-title":"Mitochondrial mechanism of microvascular endothelial cells apoptosis in hyperhomocysteinemia","volume":"98","author":"Tyagi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.23451","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase-9 in homocysteine-induced intestinal microvascular endothelial paracellular and transcellular permeability","volume":"113","author":"Munjal","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.17.10.2074","article-title":"Homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease. Enhanced collagen production and accumulation by smooth muscle cells","volume":"17","author":"Majors","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arter. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.10.012","article-title":"Role of Hyperhomocysteinemia and Hyperuricemia in Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis","volume":"26","author":"Zhao","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2567","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00475.2002","article-title":"Hyperhomocysteinemia leads to adverse cardiac remodeling in hypertensive rats","volume":"283","author":"Joseph","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H679","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00145.2003","article-title":"Hyperhomocysteinemia leads to pathological ventricular hypertrophy in normotensive rats","volume":"285","author":"Joseph","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H812","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01042.2003","article-title":"Acute negative inotropic effects of homocysteine are mediated via the endothelium","volume":"287","author":"Kennedy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2006.04372.x","article-title":"Acute dilatory and negative inotropic effects of homocysteine are inhibited by an adenosine blocker","volume":"33","author":"Kennedy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.348","article-title":"Effects of lowering homocysteine levels with B vitamins on cardiovascular disease, cancer, and cause-specific mortality: Meta-analysis of 8 randomized trials involving 37 485 individuals","volume":"170","author":"Clarke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2010.02259.x","article-title":"Combined analyses and extended follow-up of two randomized controlled homocysteine-lowering B-vitamin trials","volume":"268","author":"Ebbing","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1159\/000360153","article-title":"Homocysteine-lowering therapy and risk of recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction and death: The impact of age in the VISP trial","volume":"37","author":"Towfighi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., Huang, T., Zheng, Y., Muka, T., Troup, J., and Hu, F.B. (2016). Folic Acid Supplementation and the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J. Am. Heart Assoc., 5.","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.116.003768"},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17095","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000017095","article-title":"The effect of folic acid in patients with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"98","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1484","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00577.2010","article-title":"Folic acid mitigated cardiac dysfunction by normalizing the levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase and homocysteine-metabolizing enzymes postmyocardial infarction in mice","volume":"299","author":"Qipshidze","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3277","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13231","article-title":"Folic acid reduces doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy by modulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase","volume":"21","author":"Octavia","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2017.1299768","article-title":"Folic acid ameliorates celecoxib cardiotoxicity in a doxorubicin heart failure rat model","volume":"55","author":"Ahmad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-017-0224-0","article-title":"Folic acid prevents cardiac dysfunction and reduces myocardial fibrosis in a mouse model of high-fat diet-induced obesity","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118718","article-title":"Folic acid attenuates remodeling and dysfunction in the aging heart through the ER stress pathway","volume":"264","author":"Ye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1869","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00294.2007","article-title":"Preservation of diastolic function in monocrotaline-induced right ventricular hypertrophy in rats","volume":"293","author":"Lamberts","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2020-0030","article-title":"Folic acid affects cardiometabolic, oxidative stress, and immunohistochemical parameters in monocrotaline-induced rat heart failure","volume":"98","author":"Djukic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruiz, M., Courilleau, D., Jullian, J.C., Fortin, D., Ventura-Clapier, R., Blondeau, J.P., and Garnier, A. (2012). A cardiac-specific robotized cellular assay identified families of human ligands as inducers of PGC-1alpha expression and mitochondrial biogenesis. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046753"},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-6618(02)00095-6","article-title":"Folic acid and vitamin B(12) supplementation attenuates isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in experimental hyperhomocysteinemic rats","volume":"46","author":"Hagar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_232","first-page":"33","article-title":"Cobalamin and folate protect mitochondrial and contractile functions in a murine model of cardiac pressure overload","volume":"102","author":"Piquereau","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-2498(01)00293-5","article-title":"Pyridoxine improves endothelial function in cardiac transplant recipients","volume":"20","author":"Miner","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung Transplant."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R810","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00132.2018","article-title":"Folic acid supplementation improves vascular endothelial function, yet not skin blood flow during exercise in the heat, in patients with heart failure","volume":"315","author":"Balmain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3133","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.077271","article-title":"Exogenous NAD blocks cardiac hypertrophic response via activation of the SIRT3-LKB1-AMP-activated kinase pathway","volume":"285","author":"Pillai","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/1\/30\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:50:32Z","timestamp":1760169032000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/1\/30"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]]},"references-count":235,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms23010030"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23010030","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]]}}}