{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:25:52Z","timestamp":1790673952136,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) gene mutations or alterations occur within neurofibromatosis type 1 as well as in many different malignant tumours on the somatic level. In glioblastoma, NF1 loss of function plays a major role in inducing the mesenchymal (MES) subtype and, therefore defining the most aggressive glioblastoma. This is associated with an immune signature and mediated via the NF1\u2013MAPK\u2013FOSL1 axis. Specifically, increased invasion seems to be regulated via mutations in the leucine-rich domain (LRD) of the NF1 gene product neurofibromin. Novel targets for therapy may arise from neurofibromin deficiency-associated cellular mechanisms that are summarised in this review.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23010352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T23:31:35Z","timestamp":1640820695000},"page":"352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Gene Alterations Define Specific Features of a Subset of Glioblastomas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3149-0797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian","family":"Scheer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Stra\u00dfe 40, 06120 Halle, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4581-5185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Leisz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Stra\u00dfe 40, 06120 Halle, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eberhard","family":"Sorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 14, 06112 Halle, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olha","family":"Storozhuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 14, 06112 Halle, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Prell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Stra\u00dfe 40, 06120 Halle, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2948-3726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivy","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3045-2222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anja","family":"Harder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 14, 06112 Halle, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"},{"name":"Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iv1","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noy131","article-title":"CBTRUS Statistical Report: Primary Brain and Other Central Nervous System Tumors Diagnosed in the United States in 2011\u20132015","volume":"20","author":"Ostrom","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncollogy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12432","article-title":"WHO 2016 Classification of gliomas","volume":"44","author":"Wesseling","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-016-1497-x","article-title":"Survival in glioblastoma: A review on the impact of treatment modalities","volume":"18","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.18718","article-title":"Effect of Tumor-Treating Fields Plus Maintenance Temozolomide vs Maintenance Temozolomide Alone on Survival in Patients With Glioblastoma: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"318","author":"Stupp","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802997-8.00023-2","article-title":"Glioblastoma","volume":"134","author":"Wirsching","year":"2016","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043330","article-title":"Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma","volume":"352","author":"Stupp","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"91","article-title":"Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma: A Review on Clinical Management","volume":"33","author":"Lukas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2016.1373","article-title":"Association of the Extent of Resection With Survival in Glioblastoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-017-6253-0","article-title":"Prognostic Value of Tumor Volume in Glioblastoma Patients: Size Also Matters for Patients with Incomplete Resection","volume":"25","author":"Bette","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31791-4","article-title":"Lomustine-temozolomide combination therapy versus standard temozolomide therapy in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma with methylated MGMT promoter (CeTeG\/NOA-09): A randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial","volume":"393","author":"Herrlinger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802997-8.00005-0","article-title":"Histologic classification of gliomas","volume":"134","author":"Perry","year":"2016","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12171","article-title":"International Society Of Neuropathology-Haarlem consensus guidelines for nervous system tumor classification and grading","volume":"24","author":"Louis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1038\/nature26000","article-title":"DNA methylation-based classification of central nervous system tumours","volume":"555","author":"Capper","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.12.028","article-title":"Molecular Profiling Reveals Biologically Discrete Subsets and Pathways of Progression in Diffuse Glioma","volume":"164","author":"Ceccarelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0263-8","article-title":"The molecular landscape of glioma in patients with Neurofibromatosis 1","volume":"25","author":"Ceccarelli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-018-1913-0","article-title":"cIMPACT-NOW update 3: Recommended diagnostic criteria for \u201cDiffuse astrocytic glioma, IDH-wildtype, with molecular features of glioblastoma, WHO grade IV\u201d","volume":"136","author":"Brat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12832","article-title":"cIMPACT-NOW update 6: New entity and diagnostic principle recommendations of the cIMPACT-Utrecht meeting on future CNS tumor classification and grading","volume":"30","author":"Louis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2009.12.020","article-title":"Integrated genomic analysis identifies clinically relevant subtypes of glioblastoma characterized by abnormalities in PDGFRA, IDH1, EGFR, and NF1","volume":"17","author":"Verhaak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2017.06.003","article-title":"Tumor Evolution of Glioma-Intrinsic Gene Expression Subtypes Associates with Immunological Changes in the Microenvironment","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-017-0519-x","article-title":"Glioma Subclassifications and Their Clinical Significance","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2006.02.019","article-title":"Molecular subclasses of high-grade glioma predict prognosis, delineate a pattern of disease progression, and resemble stages in neurogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Phillips","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/s41698-018-0070-1","article-title":"Immunogenetics of glioblastoma: The future of personalized patient management","volume":"2","author":"Abedalthagafi","year":"2018","journal-title":"NPJ Precis. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2012.08.024","article-title":"Hotspot mutations in H3F3A and IDH1 define distinct epigenetic and biological subgroups of glioblastoma","volume":"22","author":"Sturm","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6434","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20225-w","article-title":"Glioblastoma epigenome profiling identifies SOX10 as a master regulator of molecular tumour subtype","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2014.06.005","article-title":"Most human non-GCIMP glioblastoma subtypes evolve from a common proneural-like precursor glioma","volume":"26","author":"Ozawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fedele, M., Cerchia, L., Pegoraro, S., Sgarra, R., and Manfioletti, G. (2019). Proneural-Mesenchymal Transition: Phenotypic Plasticity to Acquire Multitherapy Resistance in Glioblastoma. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20112746"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.11.056","article-title":"Clonal Variation in Drug and Radiation Response among Glioma-Initiating Cells Is Linked to Proneural-Mesenchymal Transition","volume":"17","author":"Segerman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1254257","article-title":"Single-cell RNA-seq highlights intratumoral heterogeneity in primary glioblastoma","volume":"344","author":"Patel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz044","article-title":"The landscape of the mesenchymal signature in brain tumours","volume":"142","author":"Behnan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2013.08.001","article-title":"Mesenchymal differentiation mediated by NF-kappaB promotes radiation resistance in glioblastoma","volume":"24","author":"Bhat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4951","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-13-0551","article-title":"Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in glioblastoma are associated with specific genomic alterations and related to transcriptional class","volume":"19","author":"Rutledge","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3107130","article-title":"Gene for von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis is in the pericentromeric region of chromosome 17","volume":"236","author":"Barker","year":"1987","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1038\/353864a0","article-title":"A de novo Alu insertion results in neurofibromatosis type 1","volume":"353","author":"Wallace","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90252-A","article-title":"Deletions and a translocation interrupt a cloned gene at the neurofibromatosis type 1 locus","volume":"62","author":"Viskochil","year":"1990","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5200434","article-title":"Mechanism of spreading of the highly related neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) pseudogenes on chromosomes 2, 14 and 22","volume":"8","author":"Luijten","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1586\/erm.11.52","article-title":"Progress and challenges in developing a molecular diagnostic test for neurofibromatosis type 1","volume":"11","author":"Dopazo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"1555","article-title":"Differential expression of two types of the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) gene transcripts related to neuronal differentiation","volume":"6","author":"Nishi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/2.7.989","article-title":"An alternatively-spliced mRNA in the carboxy terminus of the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) gene is expressed in muscle","volume":"2","author":"Gutman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/4.5.915","article-title":"Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) mRNAs expressed in the central nervous system are differentially spliced in the 5\u2019 part of the gene","volume":"4","author":"Danglot","year":"1995","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(02)00501-6","article-title":"The N-terminal splice product NF1-10a-2 of the NF1 gene codes for a transmembrane segment","volume":"294","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M113.035600","article-title":"Analysis of the human tissue-specific expression by genome-wide integration of transcriptomics and antibody-based proteomics","volume":"13","author":"Fagerberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteom. MCP"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"487","article-title":"A conserved alternative splice in the von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis (NF1) gene produces two neurofibromin isoforms, both of which have GTPase-activating protein activity","volume":"13","author":"Andersen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e169","DOI":"10.1212\/NXG.0000000000000169","article-title":"Updated nomenclature for human and mouse neurofibromatosis type 1 genes","volume":"3","author":"Anastasaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tadini, G., Legius, E., and Brems, H. (2020). Molecular Diagnosis for NF1. Multidisciplinary Approach to Neurofibromatosis Type 1, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-92450-2"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07047.x","article-title":"Regulation of Raf-1 kinase activity by the 14-3-3 family of proteins","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"1995","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2188","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00019-14","article-title":"Neurofibromatosis type 1 alternative splicing is a key regulator of Ras signaling in neurons","volume":"34","author":"Hinman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/0753-3322(94)90053-1","article-title":"Tissue-specific alternative splicing of neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) mRNA","volume":"48","author":"Danglot","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(02)02887-9","article-title":"Quantification of NF1 transcripts reveals novel highly expressed splice variants","volume":"522","author":"Vandenbroucke","year":"2002","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1002020309","article-title":"Expression of two new protein isoforms of the neurofibromatosis type 1 gene product, neurofibromin, in muscle tissues","volume":"202","author":"Gutmann","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dev. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bergoug, M., Doudeau, M., Godin, F., Mosrin, C., Vall\u00e9e, B., and B\u00e9n\u00e9detti, H. (2020). Neurofibromin Structure, Functions and Regulation. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9112365"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(199911)46:5<777::AID-ANA15>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Developmental regulation of a neuron-specific neurofibromatosis 1 isoform","volume":"46","author":"Gutmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(96)12730-0","article-title":"Expression of a developmentally-regulated neuron-specific isoform of the neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) gene","volume":"211","author":"Geist","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490370312","article-title":"Modulation of neurofibromatosis type 1 gene expression during in vitro myoblast differentiation","volume":"37","author":"Gutmann","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/6.10.1707","article-title":"RNA processing and clinical variability in neurofibromatosis type I (NF1)","volume":"6","author":"Skuse","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1007\/s004390050837","article-title":"Alternative splicing of exons 29 and 30 in the neurofibromatosis type 1 gene","volume":"103","author":"Park","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5324.333","article-title":"The Ras-RasGAP complex: Structural basis for GTPase activation and its loss in oncogenic Ras mutants","volume":"277","author":"Scheffzek","year":"1997","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)49919-4","article-title":"Biochemical and structural analyses reveal that the tumor suppressor neurofibromin (NF1) forms a high-affinity dimer","volume":"295","author":"Sherekar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lupton, C.J., Bayly-Jones, C., D\u2019Andrea, L., Huang, C., Schittenhelm, R.B., Venugopal, H., Whisstock, J.C., Halls, M.L., and Ellisdon, A.M. (2021). The cryo-EM structure of the neurofibromin dimer reveals the molecular basis for von Recklinghausen disease. Biorxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.02.18.431788"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(01)02309-2","article-title":"Phosphorylation of neurofibromin by cAMP-dependent protein kinase is regulated via a cellular association of N G, N G-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase","volume":"494","author":"Tokuo","year":"2001","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1209113","article-title":"Phosphorylation of neurofibromin by PKC is a possible molecular switch in EGF receptor signaling in neural cells","volume":"25","author":"Mangoura","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.05975.x","article-title":"Regulation of the Ras-GTPase activating protein neurofibromin by C-tail phosphorylation: Implications for protein kinase C\/Ras\/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1\/2 pathway signaling and neuronal differentiation","volume":"109","author":"Leondaritis","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13401","article-title":"Nuclear import mechanism of neurofibromin for localization on the spindle and function in chromosome congression","volume":"136","author":"Koliou","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(03)01507-2","article-title":"PKA phosphorylation and 14-3-3 interaction regulate the function of neurofibromatosis type I tumor suppressor, neurofibromin","volume":"557","author":"Feng","year":"2004","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01233074","article-title":"Neurofibromatosis type 1 gene product (neurofibromin) associates with microtubules","volume":"19","author":"Gregory","year":"1993","journal-title":"Somat. Cell Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.embor.7400602","article-title":"A novel bipartite phospholipid-binding module in the neurofibromatosis type 1 protein","volume":"7","author":"Welti","year":"2006","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.12.129","article-title":"Neurofibromin binds to caveolin-1 and regulates ras, FAK, and Akt","volume":"340","author":"Boyanapalli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2703-x","article-title":"Knockdown of MSI2 inhibits metastasis by interacting with caveolin-1 and inhibiting its ubiquitylation in human NF1-MPNST cells","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2012.06.006","article-title":"Pleckstrin homology (PH) like domains\u2014Versatile modules in protein-protein interaction platforms","volume":"586","author":"Scheffzek","year":"2012","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3911","article-title":"A RASopathy gene commonly mutated in cancer: The neurofibromatosis type 1 tumour suppressor","volume":"15","author":"Ratner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gouzi, J.Y., Moressis, A., Walker, J.A., Apostolopoulou, A.A., Palmer, R.H., Bernards, A., and Skoulakis, E.M. (2011). The receptor tyrosine kinase Alk controls neurofibromin functions in Drosophila growth and learning. PLoS Genet., 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002281"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M116.064543","article-title":"Clustered, Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)\/Cas9-coupled Affinity Purification\/Mass Spectrometry Analysis Revealed a Novel Role of Neurofibromin in mTOR Signaling","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteomics"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-397925-4.00015-8","article-title":"p18\/LAMTOR1: A late endosome\/lysosome-specific anchor protein for the mTORC1\/MAPK signaling pathway","volume":"535","author":"Nada","year":"2014","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s40246-017-0109-3","article-title":"The NF1 somatic mutational landscape in sporadic human cancers","volume":"11","author":"Philpott","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Genom."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-1004(200006)15:6<541::AID-HUMU6>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"Exhaustive mutation analysis of the NF1 gene allows identification of 95% of mutations and reveals a high frequency of unusual sloicng defects","volume":"15","author":"Messiaen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum. Mutat."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tamura, R. (2021). Current Understanding of Neurofibromatosis Type 1, 2, and Schwannomatosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115850"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2584","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-3330","article-title":"Large-scale molecular comparison of human schwann cells to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor cell lines and tissues","volume":"66","author":"Miller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vallee, B., Doudeau, M., Godin, F., Gombault, A., Tchalikian, A., de Tauzia, M.L., and Benedetti, H. (2012). Nf1 RasGAP inhibition of LIMK2 mediates a new cross-talk between Ras and Rho pathways. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047283"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-12-0470","article-title":"A genome-scale RNA interference screen implicates NF1 loss in resistance to RAF inhibition","volume":"3","author":"Whittaker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2340","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-2625","article-title":"Loss of NF1 in cutaneous melanoma is associated with RAS activation and MEK dependence","volume":"74","author":"Nissan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-12-0313","article-title":"Elucidating distinct roles for NF1 in melanomagenesis","volume":"3","author":"Maertens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.06.004","article-title":"NF1 is a tumor suppressor in neuroblastoma that determines retinoic acid response and disease outcome","volume":"142","author":"Holzel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-13-0741","article-title":"Reduced NF1 expression confers resistance to EGFR inhibition in lung cancer","volume":"4","author":"Cowell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s40364-021-00281-0","article-title":"MEK inhibitors\u2014Novel targeted therapies of neurofibromatosis associated benign and malignant lesions","volume":"9","author":"Harder","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomark. Res."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39524","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M503707200","article-title":"The neurofibromatosis type 1 gene product neurofibromin enhances cell motility by regulating actin filament dynamics via the Rho-ROCK-LIMK2-cofilin pathway","volume":"280","author":"Ozawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2011.12.027","article-title":"Tumorigenic cells are common in mouse MPNSTs but their frequency depends upon tumor genotype and assay conditions","volume":"21","author":"Buchstaller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.07.105","article-title":"Neurofibromatosis type 1: New developments in genetics and treatment","volume":"84","author":"Wilson","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scr.2020.102068","article-title":"Modeling tumors of the peripheral nervous system associated with Neurofibromatosis type 1: Reprogramming plexiform neurofibroma cells","volume":"49","author":"Mazuelas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70063-8","article-title":"Neurofibromatosis type 1: A multidisciplinary approach to care","volume":"13","author":"Hirbe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17004","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.4","article-title":"Neurofibromatosis type 1","volume":"3","author":"Gutmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-62702-5.00004-4","article-title":"Neurofibromatosis type 1","volume":"132","author":"Anderson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_91","first-page":"62","article-title":"Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Review and Update on Emerging Therapies","volume":"8","author":"Karaconji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Melloni, G., Eoli, M., Cesaretti, C., Bianchessi, D., Ibba, M.C., Esposito, S., Scuvera, G., Morcaldi, G., Micheli, R., and Piozzi, E. (2019). Risk of Optic Pathway Glioma in Neurofibromatosis Type 1: No Evidence of Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in A Large Independent Cohort. Cancers, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11121838"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1038\/s41436-021-01170-5","article-title":"Revised diagnostic criteria for neurofibromatosis type 1 and Legius syndrome: An international consensus recommendation","volume":"23","author":"Legius","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genet. Med."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-12-0095","article-title":"The cBio cancer genomics portal: An open platform for exploring multidimensional cancer genomics data","volume":"2","author":"Cerami","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pl1","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2004088","article-title":"Integrative analysis of complex cancer genomics and clinical profiles using the cBioPortal","volume":"6","author":"Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1914","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23203","article-title":"Genetic driver mutations define the expression signature and microenvironmental composition of high-grade gliomas","volume":"65","author":"Herting","year":"2017","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.06.024","article-title":"An Integrative Model of Cellular States, Plasticity, and Genetics for Glioblastoma","volume":"178","author":"Neftel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.03.023","article-title":"The Immune Landscape of Cancer","volume":"48","author":"Thorsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_99","first-page":"vdz037","article-title":"The impact of host immune cells on the development of neurofibromatosis type 1: The abnormal immune system provides an immune microenvironment for tumorigenesis","volume":"1","author":"Wei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurooncol. Adv."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5805","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-24046-2","article-title":"Neurofibromin knockdown in glioma cell lines is associated with changes in cytokine and chemokine secretion in vitro","volume":"8","author":"Wood","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32977","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.16516","article-title":"Ccl5 establishes an autocrine high-grade glioma growth regulatory circuit critical for mesenchymal glioblastoma survival","volume":"8","author":"Pan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_102","first-page":"i23","article-title":"After Nf1 loss in Schwann cells, inflammation drives neurofibroma formation","volume":"2","author":"Fletcher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurooncol. Adv."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15770-3","article-title":"Midkine activation of CD8(+) T cells establishes a neuron-immune-cancer axis responsible for low-grade glioma growth","volume":"11","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2020.02.002","article-title":"Immunotherapy for glioma: Current management and future application","volume":"476","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-010-0473-5","article-title":"Systemic delivery of neutralizing antibody targeting CCL2 for glioma therapy","volume":"104","author":"Zhu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurooncol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3337","article-title":"CSF-1R inhibition alters macrophage polarization and blocks glioma progression","volume":"19","author":"Pyonteck","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nov245","article-title":"Orally administered colony stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX3397 in recurrent glioblastoma: An Ivy Foundation Early Phase Clinical Trials Consortium phase II study","volume":"18","author":"Butowski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncolgy"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/nox208","article-title":"Nivolumab with or without ipilimumab in patients with recurrent glioblastoma: Results from exploratory phase I cohorts of CheckMate 143","volume":"20","author":"Omuro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuro-Oncolgy"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0339-5","article-title":"Neoadjuvant nivolumab modifies the tumor immune microenvironment in resectable glioblastoma","volume":"25","author":"Schalper","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0337-7","article-title":"Neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 immunotherapy promotes a survival benefit with intratumoral and systemic immune responses in recurrent glioblastoma","volume":"25","author":"Cloughesy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cgt.7700851","article-title":"Combined HSV-TK\/IL-2 gene therapy in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme: Biological and clinical results","volume":"12","author":"Colombo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Gene. Ther."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-011-0529-1","article-title":"A multicenter phase I trial of combination therapy with interferon-beta and temozolomide for high-grade gliomas (INTEGRA study): The final report","volume":"104","author":"Wakabayashi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuro-Oncol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e64846","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.64846","article-title":"NF1 regulates mesenchymal glioblastoma plasticity and aggressiveness through the AP-1 transcription factor FOSL1","volume":"10","author":"Marques","year":"2021","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2009.07.014","article-title":"The pre-GAP-related domain of neurofibromin regulates cell migration through the LIM kinase\/cofilin pathway","volume":"42","author":"Faigenbloom","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tranon.2020.100858","article-title":"NF1-RAC1 axis regulates migration of the melanocytic lineage","volume":"13","author":"Larribere","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1002\/med.20230","article-title":"LIM kinases are attractive targets with many macromolecular partners and only a few small molecule regulators","volume":"32","author":"Manetti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200608121","article-title":"Syndecan-2 induces filopodia and dendritic spine formation via the neurofibromin-PKA-Ena\/VASP pathway","volume":"177","author":"Lin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.20552","article-title":"Neurofibromin physically interacts with the N-terminal domain of focal adhesion kinase","volume":"48","author":"Kweh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Carcinog."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16971","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1756-12.2012","article-title":"Neurofibromin mediates FAK signaling in confining synapse growth at Drosophila neuromuscular junctions","volume":"32","author":"Tsai","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Errico, A., Stocco, A., Riccardi, V.M., Gambalunga, A., Bassetto, F., Grigatti, M., Ferlosio, A., Tadini, G., Garozzo, D., and Ferraresi, S. (2021). Neurofibromin Deficiency and Extracellular Matrix Cooperate to Increase Transforming Potential through FAK-Dependent Signaling. Cancers, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13102329"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e136","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2009.01017.x","article-title":"Decreased expression of neurofibromin contributes to epithelial-mesenchymal transition in neurofibromatosis type 1","volume":"19","author":"Arima","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5367","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-019-0809-3","article-title":"Pathogenic mutations in neurofibromin identifies a leucine-rich domain regulating glioma cell invasiveness","volume":"38","author":"Fadhlullah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2017.11.014","article-title":"Lipoamide Inhibits NF1 Deficiency-induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Murine Schwann Cells","volume":"48","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2006.11.055","article-title":"The sec14 homology module of neurofibromin binds cellular glycerophospholipids: Mass spectrometry and structure of a lipid complex","volume":"366","author":"Welti","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019003535","article-title":"Targeted sequencing in DLBCL, molecular subtypes, and outcomes: A Haematological Malignancy Research Network report","volume":"135","author":"Lacy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s10689-006-9001-3","article-title":"Molecular diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1: 2 years experience","volume":"6","author":"Griffiths","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fam. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-013-1358-4","article-title":"The Human Gene Mutation Database: Building a comprehensive mutation repository for clinical and molecular genetics, diagnostic testing and personalized genomic medicine","volume":"133","author":"Stenson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12881-018-0615-8","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and spectrum of NF1 mutations in 12 unrelated Chinese families with neurofibromatosis type 1","volume":"19","author":"Mao","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Med. Genet."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2018.00270","article-title":"Identification of Mutation Regions on NF1 Responsible for High- and Low-Risk Development of Optic Pathway Glioma in Neurofibromatosis Type I","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2019.00115","article-title":"Commentary: Identification of Mutation Regions on NF1 Responsible for High- and Low-Risk Development of Optic Pathway Glioma in Neurofibromatosis Type I","volume":"10","author":"Anastasaki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-20-0219","article-title":"Phenotypic Mapping of Pathologic Cross-Talk between Glioblastoma and Innate Immune Cells by Synthetic Genetic Tracing","volume":"11","author":"Schmitt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-020-02140-x","article-title":"Transcriptional regulatory networks of tumor-associated macrophages that drive malignancy in mesenchymal glioblastoma","volume":"21","author":"Sa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08712","article-title":"The transcriptional network for mesenchymal transformation of brain tumours","volume":"463","author":"Carro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2012.01.040","article-title":"The tumor microenvironment strongly impacts master transcriptional regulators and gene expression class of glioblastoma","volume":"180","author":"Cooper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noq082","article-title":"Glioma cancer stem cells induce immunosuppressive macrophages\/microglia","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuro. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1412909","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2017.1412909","article-title":"Glioblastoma stem cell-derived exosomes induce M2 macrophages and PD-L1 expression on human monocytes","volume":"7","author":"Gabrusiewicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/1\/352\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:55:38Z","timestamp":1760169338000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/1\/352"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]]},"references-count":136,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms23010352"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23010352","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]]}}}