{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:20:17Z","timestamp":1791390017351,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]],"date-time":"2021-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fungal infections remain a high-incidence worldwide health problem that is aggravated by limited therapeutic options and the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Cinnamic and benzoic acid amides have previously shown bioactivity against different species belonging to the Candida genus. Here, 20 cinnamic and benzoic acid amides were synthesized and tested for inhibition of C. krusei ATCC 14243 and C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019. Five compounds inhibited the Candida strains tested, with compound 16 (MIC = 7.8 \u00b5g\/mL) producing stronger antifungal activity than fluconazole (MIC = 16 \u00b5g\/mL) against C. krusei ATCC 14243. It was also tested against eight Candida strains, including five clinical strains resistant to fluconazole, and showed an inhibitory effect against all strains tested (MIC = 85.3\u2013341.3 \u00b5g\/mL). The MIC value against C. krusei ATCC 6258 was 85.3 mcg\/mL, while against C. krusei ATCC 14243, it was 10.9 times smaller. This strain had greater sensitivity to the antifungal action of compound 16. The inhibition of C. krusei ATCC 14243 and C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019 was also achieved by compounds 2, 9, 12, 14 and 15. Computational experiments combining target fishing, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to study the potential mechanism of action of compound 16 against C. krusei. From these, a multi-target mechanism of action is proposed for this compound that involves proteins related to critical cellular processes such as the redox balance, kinases-mediated signaling, protein folding and cell wall synthesis. The modeling results might guide future experiments focusing on the wet-lab investigation of the mechanism of action of this series of compounds, as well as on the optimization of their inhibitory potency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23010419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,3]],"date-time":"2022-01-03T20:49:38Z","timestamp":1641242978000},"page":"419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Antifungal Activity of N-(4-Halobenzyl)amides against Candida spp. and Molecular Modeling Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3710-0035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunierkis","family":"Perez-Castillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-Cheminformatics Research Group and Escuela de Ciencias F\u00edsicas y Matem\u00e1ticas, Universidad de Las Am\u00e9ricas, Quito 170504, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7966-5635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo Carneiro","family":"Montes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cec\u00edlia Rocha","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60020-181, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Batista de Andrade","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60020-181, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celidarque da Silva","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6192-3691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allana","family":"Brunna Sucupira Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9lio Vitoriano Nobre","family":"J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioprospection in Antimicrobial Molecules (LABIMAN), Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60020-181, CE, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7180-4896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dami\u00e3o Pergentino","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Para\u00edba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.045054-0","article-title":"Candida species: Current epidemiology, pathogenicity, biofilm formation, natural antifungal products and new therapeutic options","volume":"62","author":"Sardi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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