{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:05:33Z","timestamp":1777489533127,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]],"date-time":"2022-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005643","name":"University of Lodz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B2111101000020.07; B2111100000234.01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B2111101000020.07; B2111100000234.01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005643","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It is well established that homocysteine (Hcy) and its thiolactone (HTL) are reactive towards aldehydes in an aqueous environment, forming substituted thiazinane carboxylic acids. This report provides evidence that Hcy\/HTL and formaldehyde (FA) adduct, namely 1,3-thiazinane-4-carboxylic acid (TCA) is formed in vivo in humans. In order to provide definitive proof, a gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS) based method was elaborated to identify and quantify TCA in human urine. The GC\u2013MS assay involves chemical derivatization with isobutyl chloroformate (IBCF) in the presence of pyridine as a catalyst, followed by an ethyl acetate extraction of the obtained isobutyl derivative of TCA (TCA-IBCF). The validity of the method has been demonstrated based upon United States Food and Drug Administration recommendations. The assay linearity was observed within a 1\u201350 \u00b5mol L\u22121 range for TCA in urine, while the lowest concentration on the calibration curve was recognized as the limit of quantification (LOQ). Importantly, the method was successfully applied to urine samples delivered by apparently healthy volunteers (n = 15). The GC\u2013MS assay may provide a new analytical tool for routine clinical analysis of the role of TCA in living systems in the near future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23020598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T01:15:26Z","timestamp":1641518126000},"page":"598","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Identification and Determination of 1,3-Thiazinane-4-carboxylic Acid in Human Urine\u2014Chromatographic Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1160-3160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justyna","family":"Piechocka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 163 Pomorska Str., 90-236 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Litwicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 163 Pomorska Str., 90-236 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0071-1470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"G\u0142owacki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, 163 Pomorska Str., 90-236 \u0141\u00f3d\u017a, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moretti, R., and Caruso, P. 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