{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T09:55:25Z","timestamp":1793872525683,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":158,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,8]],"date-time":"2022-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AR073004-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR073004-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AR071189-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR071189-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21AI149267-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AI149267-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Grants from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education","award":["02-0066\/07\/253"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02-0066\/07\/253"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with systemic manifestation, in which psychological factors play an important role. The etiology of psoriasis is complex and multifactorial, including genetic background and environmental factors such as emotional or physical stress. Psychological stress may also play a role in exacerbation of psoriasis, by dysregulation of the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal (HPA) axis, sympathetic\u2013adrenal\u2013medullary axis, peripheral nervous system, and immune system. Skin cells also express various neuropeptides and hormones in response to stress, including the fully functional analog of the HPA axis. The deterioration of psoriatic lesions is accompanied by increased production of inflammatory mediators, which could contribute to the imbalance of neurotransmitters and the development of symptoms of depression and anxiety. Therefore, deregulation of the crosstalk between endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine stress signaling pathways contributes to clinical manifestations of psoriasis, which requires multidisciplinary approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23020669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,9]],"date-time":"2022-01-09T20:29:26Z","timestamp":1641760166000},"page":"669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":140,"title":["The Brain\u2013Skin Axis in Psoriasis\u2014Psychological, Psychiatric, Hormonal, and Dermatological Aspects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0712-1222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiza","family":"Marek-Jozefowicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3418-1252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Czajkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7305-0242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alina","family":"Borkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6286-0693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogus\u0142aw","family":"Nedoszytko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland"},{"name":"Molecular Laboratory, Invicta Fertility and Reproductive Centre, 81-740 Sopot, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2206-3531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142 A.","family":"\u017bmijewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6343-8454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wies\u0142aw J.","family":"Cuba\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki St. 7 build. 25, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej T.","family":"Slominski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 500 22nd Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA"},{"name":"Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1824 6th Avenue, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14629","article-title":"Understanding Psychocutaneous Disease: Psychosocial & Psychoneuroimmunologic Perspectives","volume":"59","author":"Jafferany","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. 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